NOTE Ayat from Quran Kareem The name of

NOTE • Ayat from Quran Kareem : The name of Surah and the number of Ayate must be write. The Interpretation of the Ayate preferably to have relation to the subject of thesis. • The scientific names of plant animals and microorganisms should be written in italic style EX: Grevillea victoriae subsp. victoriae

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis 1 -The thesis should be written in English. 2 - Write in past tense only. 3 - Write in active voice unless passive voice is necessary. 4 - active voice is preferable because it may be important to know who drew or what determined the conclusion , Passive voice is sometimes preferable When the action itself is more important than who performed the action. Ex: Active Voice: We observed cell division in the sample. Ex : Passive Voice: Cell division was observed in the sample. 5 - Write in the proper tense: A/ Use past tense for actions performed in the past, including

the proper tense Ex : James et al. discussed a small yet significant difference…… B/ Use present tense for statements of fact, general truths, and conditions that continuously true. Ex: Researchers recognize that folic acid supplements are source of methyl which can induce epigenetic ……. C/ Use present perfect tense to describe action that occurred in the past but that is ongoing or connected to the present Ex: No previous study has reported the simultaneous

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis 6 - Eliminating Redundancy: ( )ﻻ ﺗﻜﺮﺭ Write concisely and omit redundancy BY: #Using precise action verbs #Avoiding hedging verbs as appear and seem #Limiting the use of prepositional phrases #Avoiding useless qualifiers as perhaps, very, quite, several, essentially, basically, always and actually.

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis 7 -Write accurately • not to use the same word twice in a sentence* • sure you say what you mean. • Ex. Temperature has an effect on the reaction ü Temperature affects the reaction. 8 - Check your grammars, spelling and punctuation For the correct spelling use : Biotech's Life Science Dictionary Health Sciences libraries 9 - Proofread carefully to see if you any words out.

FORMAT AND APPEARANCE • All copies of thesis should be printed on white paper measuring 210 -297 mm (A 4). • Margins and Justification : • The left margin (binding side) should be 30 mm and the right top, and bottom margins should be 25 mm. • All footnotes, headings, page numbers, text, tables and illustrations should be within these margins.

FORMAT AND APPEARANCE • No abbreviations or acronyms should be used in the headings and in the text of the preliminary pages. • The headings should be center justified. • A conventional font type, preferably Times New Roman size 14 point Font size of the footnotes must be 12 points. • Font size of figure captions and table headings must be 12 points. The title font 16 point subtitle: 15. 5 point sub-subtitle: 15 point. • a page number one on bottom center of page.

FORMAT AND APPEARANCE • Numbering of title : Title should be numbered with an Arabic numeral. • Ex • in introduction which has number 1, title (fungi) must give 1 -1, subtitle Fusarium give 1 -1 -1, • To new title we should give it new number: • Ex: Rhizoctonia 1 -1 -2 • The thesis should be typed with (1. 5) spacing

FORMAT AND APPEARANCE • The scientific names of plant animals and microorganisms should be written in italic style EX: Grevillea victoriae subsp. victoriae • it is common to see a specific epithet that refers to geographic area or the person who discovered it. • When writing, the cultivar name is added epithet and is put in single quotes without italicization. ü ) EX: Grevillea ‘Robyn Gordon’ (×) EX: Grevillea rosmarinifolia ‘Rosy Posy’

Citing sources ****The "name-date" method: 1 -A Work by one Authors: • the last name of the first author + comma+ year of publication • Ex. : Clinical analysis is deal with diseases and pathogens(wholt, et al. 2014 ) 2 -A Work by Two Authors • the last name of the first author and the last name of the second author+ comma+ year of publication • EX. : Septa are formed with a uniform spacing (Fiddy and Trinci, 1976)

Citing sources • 3 - A Work by Three and more Authors Here we use et al. , or et al. , (the rest). Ex: (hussein et al. 2017)× ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄﻬﻨﺎ Note: we can cite the author name in text but must giving the year of publication between parakites EX: abd and essa (1998) found………. × ﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ

Citing sources • 4 -More than two work for one text: sort them by date then alphabetical in the end of text with semicolon between each of them. • Ex. : Microbiology is the science that study bacteria, viruses , fungi …(Holt , 1998); (Jems, 2014) • 5 - Author is an Orgnization or government ageny : • Mention it in signal phrase or in parenthetical citation the first time citing the source. • Ex. : According to World Health Organization(WHO) (2000)….