NORTHSIDE Water Power from Solar Energy Systems Stationary

NORTHSIDE Water & Power from Solar Energy Systems

Stationary Mirror/Moving Absorber Concept • Very Low Profile • Excellent for Low Latitudes • Perfect for Bolivia • Low Motor Torques • Simple Facet Design August 2001 Northside, Inc.

What Are Options To Clean Water? • Filtration and Clorination • Sterilization • Reverse Osmosis • Distillation August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Purification and Sterilization • Pathogens and Methods to Eliminate • Filtration Requirements • Appropriate Technology • Filtration Better than Distillation • We NEED Minerals in Water August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Heating vs Chlorine Required to Kill Cryptosporidium Spores • 5 minutes at 60 C Heat Will Work (No Cl 2) • Higher Temperatures (100 C) help • Source: “Cryptosporidium in Water Supplies” • British Study 1990 • Chlorine Required: Too High to be Practical • 10 ml/liter Chlorine required (deadly) August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Energy Is Required for Sterilization/Pasteurization • Heat One Pound of Water to 212 F=212 B. T. U. /lb • Heat One kg Water to 100 C=418 k. J/kg • 1 k. Wh=3600 k. W-sec=3, 600 k. J • One k. Wh Gives 3600/418=8. 6 kg Water • One k. Wh Gives 8. 6 kg = 8. 6 liter Water • Cost: at 10 cents/k. Wh: 1. 2 cents/liter • Can be MUCH cheaper with “counter-flow heat exchanger” (can improve by factor of 3 -10) August 2001 Northside, Inc.

How Much Energy Is Required for Simple Distillation? • Boil One Pound of Water=970 B. T. U. /lb • Boil One kg Water=2257 k. J/kg • 1 k. Wh=3600 k. W-sec=3, 600 k. J • One k. Wh Gives 3600/2257=1. 6 kg Water • One k. Wh Gives 1. 6 kg = 1. 6 liter Water • 6 cents per liter August 2001 Northside, Inc.

How Much Energy Is Required For Single-Effect CARS Condensation? • One k. Wh of Heat Makes 0. 4 k. Wh of Cooling • One k. Wh of Cool Gives 0. 4 x 1. 6=0. 64 kg Water August 2001 Northside, Inc.

What Is Vapor Compression Distillation? August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Which Distillation Method is More Efficient? August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Lowest-Cost Solar Vapor Compression Distiller August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Vapor Jet Pump Features • Simple • Low Cost • Low Efficiency August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Northside Scroll/Turbocharger System “SSTEPS” August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Cost per Liter of Distilled Water from SSTEPS System • 12 times cheaper than Distillation • 0. 5 cents per liter • Similar to Sterilization in Efficiency • System Provides Electricity(!!) • Can Produce Cooling Too(!!) • Most Complex, Hardest to Develop • Capital Cost of Equipment: High August 2001 Northside, Inc.

Northside Water & Power Summary • Phase 1: Sterilization • Phase 2: SSTEPS – Demonstration Projects – Develop Components – Prove out Solar Collector – Take To Field – Get to Market Rapidly August 2001 Northside, Inc. – Demonstrate Lab Unit