North v South Characteristics advantagesdisadvantages strategy major battles
North v. South Characteristics, advantages/disadvantages, strategy, & major battles
Characteristics of the North & South North South Industrialized North Agrarian South Many large cities Large plantations Larger population Large illiterate population Extensive train system Many slaves Most farmers grew crops Subsistence farming for profit Grew cotton & tobacco
Advantages/Disadvantages
Resources: North & South
Comparison: North/South
Railroad Lines: 1860
Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
Advantages of the South? Fighting a defensive war North had to invade & occupy the South was defending its home against invaders Southern whites felt a greater sense of unity More, and better, military leaders And southern soldiers were better equipped to survive a war of attrition
Overview of Civil War Strategy
Union: Anaconda Plan U. S. General-in-Chief Winfield Scott's plan to defeat the Confederacy: blockade the southern and eastern coasts, seize control of the Mississippi River so as to break the Confederacy in two, and then strike from all sides at once.
Union: Anaconda Plan
Southern Strategy Attrition: a strategy of winning by not losing, of wearing out a better equipped foe and compelling him to give up by prolonging the war and making it too costly. “Offensive-defensive" strategy: This consisted of defending the Confederate homeland by using interior lines of communication to concentrate dispersed forces against an invading army and, if opportunity offered, to go over to the offensive, even to the extent of invading
Ft. Sumter • The opening shots of the War. • April 12, 1861 • Confederate artillery opened fire on this Federal fort in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. • Ft. Sumter surrendered 34 hours later
1 st Battle of Manassas or 1 st Battle of Bull Run • First major battle of Civil War- July 21 st, 1861 • Civilians came from nearby Washington D. C. to watch • Became surprisingly bloody • Civilians and Northern Troops fled from area in what was called “the Great Skeddadle” • Neither side could claim victory but it showed the nation that this would be a long bloody war with an uncertain outcome. • The second Battle of Manassas several months later was a Confederate victory
First battle of manassas
The Progress of the war 1861 -1865
Antietam September 17, 1862 • 23, 000 soldiers killed or missing after 12 hours of combat. • Ended the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia’s first invasion into the North. • Much to his Lincoln’s anger General Mc. Clellan did not pursue General Lee’s army. Mc. Clellan will soon be replaced because of inaction • The Battle is important for many reasons, but most importantly it led to Abraham Lincoln’s issuance of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Antietam
Fredericksburg December 1862 • Disastrous battle for Union in Virginia. • Union tried to attack high ground by crossing Rappahannock river. • Gave great confidence to General Lee, which prompts him to invade the north in summer of 1863. • General Burnsides is replaced • Lincoln is perceived to be weak and ineffective as President. Nearly has nervous breakdown.
Gettysburg, PA • July 1, 2, 3 rd 1863 • Generals Lee’s attempt to cut Wa D. C. off from the rest of the Union. • Last time Lee is able to bring the battle to Northern Territory. • Seen as a major turning point in the war. • Largest battle during the war.
Picket's Charge • Decisive engagement of the Gettysburg battle. • Some refer to this event as the “high water mark” of the confederacy war effort. • After Pickett’s charge the confederacy is on the run and never is able to invade the north again. • Lee is despondent and blames himself for the major setback.
From the movie “Gettysburg”
Vicksburg
Vicksburg • US General Grant lays siege to Vicksburg for 6 months. • Confederates give up on July 4 th 1863. • It was important because it was one of the last two strongholds on the Mississippi river for the confederacy. • Grant earns more fame for this and will soon be named Lt. General of all Union Armies, however he headquarter with the Army of the Potomac.
Virginia Campaign 1864 -1865
Virginia Campaign • Long, complicated series of battles aimed at destroying General Lee’s capacity to fight. • May 1864 through early 1865. • Huge losses for Grant, but proportionally higher for Lee. (Remember the North’s population vs. the South’s) • Ultimately successful for the Union.
Sherman’s March to the Sea • Sherman’s March through Georgia to the Sea, 1864 • Meant to punish the south and make them not want war ever again. • Sherman and his troops burned a 60 mile wide swath of land through the middle of Georgia, all the way to the sea. • Burns Atlanta. • If this interests you, watch “Gone With the Wind”
Surrender • Appomattox Court House • General Lee surrenders to General U. S. Grant. • April 9 th, 1865 • Ends the Civil War
THE WAR ENDS 13 AMENDMENT-Bans all slavery anywhere under US jurisdiction. Passed after protracted debates in Congress. See the movie “Lincoln. ” Abraham Lincoln assassinated by southern sympathizer John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater. Shot on April 14 th, died early on April 15 th.
Casualties on both sides
Civil War Deaths in comparison to other wars
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