NORTH SOUTH Chapter 14 Lesson 2 The People

THE FACTORIES OF THE NORTH � Factories: primary use of machines; people hired to

AGE OF THE UNIONS � Trade Unions: groups of workers with the same trade

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE NORTH � Prejudice: unfair opinion of a group. � Discrimination:

WOMEN IN THE NORTH � Women also faced prejudice and discrimination in the workplace.

THE GROWTH OF CITIES � Factories: mainly in cities and along rivers; manufacturing and

IMMIGRATION Immigration: process of entering one country from another; greatly increased in America between

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NORTH & SOUTH Chapter 14 Lesson 2 The People of the North

THE FACTORIES OF THE NORTH � Factories: primary use of machines; people hired to do specialized tasks; increase in manufacturing. • Over 10 hours work/day. • Dangerous working conditions. • Hot summers/cold winters. • No workplace laws. � Child Labor: some children worked six days a week for over 10 hours/day; worked in same conditions as adults.

AGE OF THE UNIONS � Trade Unions: groups of workers with the same trade or skill that banded together to demanded better working conditions and higher pay. • General Trade Unions of New York. � Strike: the power of any union is the ability to strike (refuse to work); the goal is to force employers to make changes in favor of the employees.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE NORTH � Prejudice: unfair opinion of a group. � Discrimination: unfair treatment of a group. • Though slavery was mostly gone in the North, there was still racial prejudice and discrimination against African Americans. • African Americans were prohibited from voting, going to public school, and using other public services, including hospitals. � Macon Allen: first African American licensed to practice law.

WOMEN IN THE NORTH � Women also faced prejudice and discrimination in the workplace. • Lower wages. • Prohibited from joining unions. • Prohibited from taking certain jobs. � Sarah Bagley: started the Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization; one of the first all-female unions.

THE GROWTH OF CITIES � Factories: mainly in cities and along rivers; manufacturing and industrialization encouraged growth in cities. � Cities: centers of trade and industry that linked Midwest farmers with the Northeast.

IMMIGRATION Immigration: process of entering one country from another; greatly increased in America between 1840 and 1860. � Irish Immigrants: left Ireland due to famine (extreme shortage of food). � German Immigrants: left Germany due to employment opportunities and political problems. • Immigrants brought with them culture, language, religion, and tradition that changed the American way. • Many immigrants faced prejudice and discrimination because they were not natural-born citizens. � Nativists: American citizens against immigration; feared loss of jobs for Americans, foreign diseases, and crime. • Created the American Party, also known as the Know. Nothing Party; called for laws making it tougher to become a citizen. �