North American Territories The American Colonies and Canada

North American Territories The American Colonies and Canada

Where? • On this map, all the areas in pink • Control of the northern parts of Canada (initially for trade), then later obtained French Canada as well • Thirteen settlement colonies along the eastern coast of the middle of North America

The Thirteen Colonies • Familiar story of the pilgrims leaving because of religious differences – Struggles – Indians • In reality, territory was colonized for various reasons and with a determined plan – Different kinds of colonies – Trade concerns • Other groups of people

Governing Structure Proprietary colonies Provincial colonies Charter colonies All colonies still subservient to the Crown • Political participation • • – Advantages in colonies – Enabling rebellion?

Seeds of Revolution • Role of the French and Indian War from 17541763 • Increased focus on exploiting the colonies for material gain • Resented military presence in the colonies • Rebels began their meetings to overthrow rule

The American Revolution • Major battles – Lexington and Concord – Bunker Hill – Saratoga and Yorktown • Peace – Treaty of Paris in 1783 • End results – Loss of colonies in new United States – Concern about ability to maintain overseas colonies

Canada • Originally not settled like the Thirteen Colonies • Mostly used for profitable fur trade, and later for its plentiful timber • Major land gains in Treaty of Paris of 1763 (French and Indian War) • Finally turned attention to settling there

Problems with Settlement • • Previously French nature of the territory Established population of Europeans No government provisions Solutions to the problems

Canada as a Battleground in the 17 th Century • American Revolution (technically 16 th century) • War of 1812 • Rebellions of 1837 -1838 – Ninety-two Resolutions – Lower Canada (Louis Joseph Papineau) – Upper Canada (William Lyon Mackenzie) • Results of the rebellions

The Struggle to Unify • Act of Union in 1840 – Goals – Provisions – Success? • Dominion of Canada in 1867 – Reasons for confederation – More successful?

World Wars • Canada still fell under the governance of the British Crown when the World Wars began • World War I solidified relations between the countries in the end, though Canada had learned to be less deferential to British authority – Statute of Westminster in 1931 (importance) • World War II: Canada’s noncommittal stance in adopting a position caused some problems for the British war effort – Reasons for hesitation – British aims for the use of Canada