NORMS Defined Agreed upon and often informal rules

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NORMS • Defined -- Agreed upon and often informal rules that guide group members

NORMS • Defined -- Agreed upon and often informal rules that guide group members behavior • Formal norms --More important to continuity of the organization, written codes of conduct • Informal -- Implicit but unwritten • Agreed upon -- Continuing consensus among group members

DIMENSIONS OF NORMS • Behavioral -- Specifies what to do, when to do it

DIMENSIONS OF NORMS • Behavioral -- Specifies what to do, when to do it and how much is appropriate • Evaluative -- Specifies approval or disapproval by the group. The group sanctions (positive and negative) can be explicit or implicit

CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMS • Range of tolerated behaviors -- approved behavior is actually over

CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMS • Range of tolerated behaviors -- approved behavior is actually over a range that deviates from the prototype of the norm • Intensity -- Strength of approval -disapproval. Some norms have sharp approval and disapproval, others are mild. • Crystallization -- Group consensus

TYPICAL ORGANIZATIONAL NORMS • Performance norms • Dress norms • Reward allocation norms •

TYPICAL ORGANIZATIONAL NORMS • Performance norms • Dress norms • Reward allocation norms • Commitment norms

NORM DEVELOPMENT • • Precedents over time Transfers from other situations Critical events Explicit

NORM DEVELOPMENT • • Precedents over time Transfers from other situations Critical events Explicit rules

ROLES • Defined -- Group position that has a set of expected behaviors –

ROLES • Defined -- Group position that has a set of expected behaviors – Formal role -- job description – Informal role -- what your work group expects of you beyond job description, what you add on your own – Role taking makes organizational life orderly and predictable

ROLE CHARACTERISTICS • Role expectations -- behavior expected of someone in a particular position

ROLE CHARACTERISTICS • Role expectations -- behavior expected of someone in a particular position • Role incumbent -- the person currently filling the position. Incumbent can shrink or expand role to a certain point. • Role ambiguity -- unclear expectations about role behavior. Creates confusion for the incumbent

ROLE CHARACTERISTICS, CONT. • Role conflict -conflicting role demands • Sender conflict • Inter-role

ROLE CHARACTERISTICS, CONT. • Role conflict -conflicting role demands • Sender conflict • Inter-role conflict • Person-role conflict

TYPICAL ORGANIZATIONAL ROLES • Task specialist -Person who because of experience, skill, or knowledge

TYPICAL ORGANIZATIONAL ROLES • Task specialist -Person who because of experience, skill, or knowledge has edge in task competency • Maintenance specialist -- human relations guru

BACKWARDS AND FORWARDS • Summing up — Examined the function of norms in groups,

BACKWARDS AND FORWARDS • Summing up — Examined the function of norms in groups, the behavioral and evaluative components as well as the fact that norms cover a range of behaviors. Also looked at role ambiguity, role conflict, and task and maintenance roles • Looking ahead: Next time we consider group influence and team work.

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