Normative Frameworks Gender equality and womens empowerment 20

Normative Frameworks, Gender equality and women’s empowerment 20 February 2018

Session Objectives ü To improve participants’ understanding of international normative standards related to gender equality and their connection to Kenya’s laws and policies on gender equality, women’s rights and empowerment

CEDAW…BPFA…SDGS… Safeguarding Women and Girl’s Rights and Promoting Gender Equality

No woman/man island. . .

Links between national, regional and global systems Global & regional protection are complementary Global & regional protection if national remedies have been exhausted Int’l global & regional norms require national implementation Regional National norms should be consistent with global and regional standards National

NORMATIVE 1 CEDAW

Overview… Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Came into force in 1981 / Approved by 180 states Internationally accepted principles and measures to achieve equal rights for women everywhere Optional Protocol Came into force in 2000 / Approved by 71 states Third-party complaints of state violations Independent investigations of grave or systematic violations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women 23 experts charged with oversight of compliance by member states Sessions twice annually to consider progress reports by member states States file reports once every 4 years Authority to investigate violations and make recommendations

PRINCIPLES The CEDAW Convention establishes a framework that draws on three over-arching principles. a) SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY b) NON-DISCRIMINATION • a) STATE OBLIGATION

SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY 1. Recognizes difference and affirms equality between men and women 2. Encompasses both de jure and de facto equality 3. Places an obligation to correct the environment that disadvantages women; the Corrective Approach. • Preferential access to girls and women • Temporary special measures • Focus on achieving results 4. Makes the playing field even by requiring all initiatives to lead to: � Equality of opportunities � Equality of access � Equality of results or benefits

What is Intersectionality?

STRUCTURE OF THE CONVENTION Articles 1 -5: General Substantive Framework of the Convention : Arts 6 -16: Specific Substantive Areas Articles 17 -23 Committee and Procedures Articles 23 -30: Administration, Interpretation

CEDAW Reporting

NORMATIVE 2 BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION

Overview. . • Adopted in 1995 by UN Fourth World Conference on Women by 189 states • Global agenda for mainstreaming of women’s human rights and equality within and among governments, international organizations including the UN, and civil society • 12 areas of critical concern: • Women and Poverty • Education and Training of Women • Women and Health • Violence against Women • Women and Armed Conflict • Women and the Economy • Women in Power and Decision Making • Institutional Mechanisms for Advancement • Human Rights of Women • Women and the Media • Women and Environment • The Girl Child

2030 Agenda – an Overview SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

2030 Agenda – an Overview • • • Vision statement – people, planet, prosperity, peace, partnership; commitments to action SDG results framework – 17 Goals, 169 targets – as is from the Open Working Group report decided in 2014 Means of implementation – included under each goal and also in Goal 17 (and linked to FFD 3 – Addis Ababa Action Agenda) Follow up and review – High Level Political Forum (HLPF) – voluntary. National governments – encouraged to conduct regular reviews, regional peer reviews, HLPF every four years, plus thematic reviews. 31 countries will report in 2017 including Kenya.

MDGs vs SDGs – what’s different? MDGSs ü Developed in New York by a small group, topdown. SDGs ü ü ü Focused on getting “half way” to the goal of ending hunger and poverty. ü ü Focus on quantity (i. e. enrolment in education). North-South focus – rich donors aiding poor recipients. Development focused, in particular on human and social development. ü Gender goal (MDG 3) limited. ü Progress measured at aggregate, national level. ü Focus on ODA as main source of financing. ü ü ü Developed in a broad consultative process. Focused on ending poverty and leaving no-one behind, quality as well as quantity. Universal and apply in all countries regardless of development status. Three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental; & Goal 16 on peace and security. Explicitly grounded in human rights, strong focus on inequality and non-discrimination. Strong gender goal. Strong focus on data and disaggregation to leave no-one behind. Focus on mobilizing financing from all sources including domestic resources.

SDGs in Summary

Gender equality in the SDGs Ø Ø Ø Universality of the agenda is key, as gender inequality is a global problem. Recognition of the centrality of human rights to development, reaffirmation of existing human rights agreements. Strong focus on addressing inequalities and non-discrimination. Gender equality understood as central to achieving the SDGs. Gender equality and women’s empowerment recognized as a stand-alone goal (Goal 5), with related targets under a number of other Goals – “twin-track” approach. Strong focus on integration and interlinkages. Intersectionality of inequality and discrimination are recognized in the deliberate reference to “all” women and girls in key targets. Commitment to disaggregate data by sex, age, ethnicity, location, to track progress and really ensure that no-one is left behind.

Gender equality in the SDGs Goal 5 includes 9 key targets, 6 substantive and 3 on means of implementation. Strong focus on transformative change. ü 5. 1 gives substance to CEDAW through a key indicator on ending all forms of discrimination against women and girls. ü 5. 2 and 5. 3 deal with serious violations of women’s and girl’s rights – all forms of violence including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation; child, early and forced marriage, and FGM. ü 5. 4 introduces for the first time a focus on recognition of unpaid care work. ü 5. 5 and 5. 6 deal with realization of right to full and effective participation in decision-making, and universal access to SRHRR – in line with Cairo and BPf. A. ü Means of Implementation targets include women’s equal right to economic resources; access to ICT; and an enabling legislative and policy environment for gender equality and women’s empowerment.

Localizing the SDGs

SDGs and Indicators • The 2030 sustainable development framework comprises 17 Goals and 169 targets • A total of 230 (global) indicators were endorsed at the 47 th session of the UN Statistical Commission in March 2016. – The first revision of global indicators will be undertaken in the year 2020. The indicators are grouped in three tiers based on data availability and methodology: • – Tier I: an established methodology exists and data is available – Tier II: a methodology has been established but data is not easily available – Tier III: an internationally agreed methodology has not yet been developed • 25 indicators have been undergone further Tier revision

SDGs and Indicators ü After reviewing the 230 global indicators, KNBS identified 128 indicators for initial monitoring of the SDGs, based on: – relevance of indicators – national priority and needs – data availability ü 128 indicators have been selected by Kenya of which 34 are gender specific.

The end…. THANK YOU!!!