Normal XRay Anatomy Axial and Appendicular Skeleton William

Lesson Objectives n n n Identify anatomical structures on plain film radiographs Identify the

Basic Rules for Interpretation n n Plain films are a 2 dimensional gray scale

Basic Rules for Interpretation n n Rule of thumb for radiographs: min. of 2

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Normal X-Ray Anatomy Axial and Appendicular Skeleton William Ursprung, DC

Lesson Objectives n n n Identify anatomical structures on plain film radiographs Identify the views commonly used to radiograph the skeletal system Utilize a basic search pattern to screen plain film radiographs for pathology

Basic Rules for Interpretation n n Plain films are a 2 dimensional gray scale image of a 3 dimensional anatomical structure Four basic densities n n Metal = very bright (white) Bone = bright (white) Water/soft tissue = (various shades of gray) Air = dark (black)

Basic Rules for Interpretation n n Rule of thumb for radiographs: min. of 2 views that are offset by 90° for any body part ABOLTS search pattern n n n A = anatomy B = breaks or step defects in the cortex O = opacities (ie blastic lesion, impacted fx) L = lucencies (ie lytic lesion, displaced fx) T= trabecular architecture S = soft tissues (swelling, mass, fascial planes)

Cervical Spine

Anterior Posterior Open Mouth

Anterior Posterior Lower Cervical

Lateral Cervical

Cervical Oblique

Thoracic Spine

Posterior Anterior Chest

Anterior Posterior Thoracic Spine

Lateral Thoracic Spine

Lumbar Spine

AP Lumbar

Lateral Lumbar

Pelvis and Hips

AP Pelvis

Shoulder

Normal Shoulder

Elbow and Forearm

Normal Elbow

Forearm

Wrist and Hand

Normal Wrist

Normal Hand

Knee

Normal Knee

Ankle and Foot

Normal Ankle

Boehler’s Angle

Normal Foot