NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM 1

NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM 1. LYMPHOCYTES 2. MAJOR LYMPHOCYTE POPULATION T CELLS B CELLS

NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM T CELLS AND B CELLS CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED BY IMMUNOLOGIC METHODS.

NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM B CELLS EXPRESS SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES AS IMMUNOGLOBULINS. T CELLS HAVE SURFACE MOLECULES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT- CD

HYBRIDOMA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES HYBRIDOMA TECHNIQUE OBTAINING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST ANY ANTIGENS BY MIXING (HYBRIDIZING) B CELLS OF REQUIRED CLONE OF ANTIBODIES

HYBRIDOMA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH MYELOMA CELLS AS SOURCE FOR CONTINUED SECRETION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN TO IMMORTALISE THE CELL LINEAGE

NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM HYBRIDOMA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES HAS HELPED IN RECOGNISING SUBPOPULATION OF T & B CELLS DIFFERENTIATE BENIGN & MALIGNANT CELLS

NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM POLYCLONAL –IF ARISING FROM SEVERAL CLONES MONOCLONAL- IF ARISING FROM ONE CLONE

NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM T CELLS – SENSITIZED- T HELPER CELLS-CD 4 +ve & CD 8 +ve T CELLSCYTOTOXIC T CELLS UNSENSITISED CELLS- NATURAL KILLER CELL

NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM MACROPHAGESCIRCULATING MONOCYTES & TISSUE MACROPHAGES

NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM SUBPOPULATION OF MACROPHAGES 1. DENDRITIC RETICULUM CELLS IN LYMPHOID TISSUE 2. LANGERHAN’S CELLS IN EPIDERMIS

FUNCTIONS OF MONOCYTES 1. RECOGNIZE ANTIGENS FOR PRESENTING TO IMMUNE COMPETENT T OR B CELLS 2. PHAGOCYTIC FUNCTIONS 3. CYTOKINE PRODUCTIONINTERLEUKIN 1

FUNCTIONS OF MONOCYTES 4. SECRETE TOXIC METABOLITES-LYSE TUMOUR CELLS. 5. EFFECTOR CELLS IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVE REACTIONS

FUNCTIONS OF MONOCYTES 6. ACT AS MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION IN RELEASING PROSTAGLANDIN, ACUTE PHASE REACTANT PROTEINS BY THE LIVER

HLA COMLEX HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGENS HLA SYSTEM - FIRST DISCOVERED ON LEUKOCYTES.

HLA COMLEX THE MAJOR IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS OF HLA SYSTEM LIES IN MATCHING DONOR & RECIPIENT FOR ORGAN TRANSPLANT.

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX OUT OF THE VARIOUS GENES FOR THE HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS, MOST OF THE TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS ARE LOCATED ON A PORTION OF CHROMOSOME 6 OF ALL NUCLEATED CELLS OF BODY & PLATELETS.

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX THIS IS CALLED MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX - MHC

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX THESE GENES OCCUPY 4 REGIONS OR LOCI-A, B, C & D ON THE SHORT ARM OF CHROMOSOME 6

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX & EXHIBIT MARKED VARIATION IN ALLELIC GENES AT EACH LOCUS. SO PRODUCT OF HLA ANTIGENS IS HIGHLY POLYMORPHIC.

MHC ANTIGENS CLASS 1 MHC ANTIGENS HAVE LOCI AS HLA-A, HLA-B& HLA-C CD 8 LYMPHOCYTES CARRY RECEPTORS FOR CLASS 1 MHC & ARE USED TO IDENTIFY THE CELLS HAVING THEM.

MHC ANTIGENS CLASS 11 MHC ANTIGENS HAVE SINGLE LOCUS - AS HLA-D. THESE ANTIGENS HAVE FURTHER 3 LOCI-DR, DQ, & DP. CLASS 11 MHC IS IDENTIFIED BY B CELLS & CD 4 OR T HELPER CELLS

MHC SYSTEM CLASS 111 MHC ANTIGENSARE SOME COMPONENTS OF COMPLEMENT SYSTEMC 2 & C 4. -CODED ON HLA COMPLEX

MHC SYSTEM BUT ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HLA EXPRESSION AND ARE NOT USED IN ANTIGEN IDENTIFICATION

ROLE OF HLA COMPLEX 1. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION 2. REGULATION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM-BOTH CELLULAR & HUMORAL IMMUNITY.

ROLE OF HLA COMPLEX CLASS 1 ANTIGENS REGULATE FUNCTION OF CYTOTOXIC T CELLS-EXAMPLE –IN VIRUS INFECTIONS CLASS 11 ANTIGENS REGULATE THE FUNCTIONS OF HELPER T CELLS

ROLE OF HLA COMPLEX 3. ASSOCIATION OF DISEASES WITH HLAA NUMBER OF DISEASES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO HAVE ASSOCIATION WITH SOME SPECIFIC

ROLE OF HLA COMPLEX HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS EXAMPLES 1. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES LIKE – ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

ROLE OF HLA COMPLEX 2. AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS –INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

ROLE OF HLA COMPLEX 3. INHERITED DISORDERS OF METABOLISM LIKE PRIMARY HAEMOCHROMATOSIS