nonpolar and hydrophobic polar and hydrophilic acidic basic

Αμινοξέα nonpolar and hydrophobic polar and hydrophilic acidic basic

Αμινοξέα Ala = alanine Arg = arginine CH 3 CH(NH 2)COOH H 2 N-C(=NH)NHCH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH Asn = asparagine Asp = aspartic acid Cys = cysteine Gln = glutamine Glu = glutamic acid Gly = glycine H 2 N-C(=O)CH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH HS-CH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH HOOC-CH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH H 2 N-C(=O)CH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH H 2 N-CH 2 COOH His = histidine * Ile = isoleucine * CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3)CH(NH 2)COOH Leu = leucine * CH 3 CH(CH 3)CH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH Lys = lysine * H 2 N-CH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH Phe = phenylalanine * Met = methionine * CH 3 -S-CH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH Pro = proline Ser = serine HOCH 2 CH(NH 2)COOH Trp = tryptophan * Thr = threonine * CH 3 CH(OH)CH(NH 2)COOH * Απαραίτητα αμινοξέα Tyr = tyrosine Val = valine * CH 3 CH(CH 3)CH(NH 2)COOH

Πεπτίδια- Ορμόνες Ορμόνη Αριθμός αμινοξέων Λειτουργία Insulin 51 Lowers blood glucose level, promotes glucose storage as glycogen and fat. Fasting decreases insulin production. Glucagon 29 Ghrelin 28 Leptin 167 Growth Hormone 191 Increases blood glucose level. Fasting increases glucagon production. Stimulates release of Growth Hormone, increases feeling of hunger. Its presence suppresses the feeling of hunger. Fasting decreases leptin levels. Human Growth Hormone (HGH), also called somatotropin, promotes amino acid uptake by cells and regulates development of the body. Growth hormone levels increase during fasting. Prolactin 198 Initiates and maintains lactation in mammals Human Placental Lactogen 191 Produced by the placenta late in gestation Luteinizing Hormone 204 Induces the secretion of testosterone Follicle Stimulating Hormone 204 Induces the secretion of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone Chorionic Gonadotropin 237 Produced after implantation of an egg in the placenta Thyroid Stimulating Hormone 201 Stimulates secretion of thyroxin and triiodothyronine Stimulates production of adrenal cortex steroids (cortisol and costicosterone) Increases the reabsorption rate of water in kidney tubule cells (antidiuretic hormone) Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 39 Vasopressin 9 Oxytocin 9 Causes contraction of mammary gland cells to produce milk and stimulation of uterine muscles during childbirth Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly Angiotensin II 8 Regulates blood pressure through vasoconstriction Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe Parathyroid Hormone 84 Increases calcium ion levels in extracellular fluids Gastrin 14 Regulates secretion of gastric acid and pepsin, a digestive enzyme consisting of 326 amino acids

Αποικοδόμηση Edman Αντιδραστήριο Edman phenylisothiocyanate 20

Sickle Cell Anemia In sickle cell anemia a glutamic acid is replaced by a valine in the amino acid sequence 25