Nonfinite Verbs 1 The teachers sitting there are

非谓语动词讲解 Nonfinite Verbs

1 The teachers sitting there are 主语 定语 连系动词 from other schools. 表语 2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 谓语 宾语补足语 宾语 3 We need to be active in class. 非谓语动词大都可在句中作主 语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、 定语、状语等. 宾语

• 4. To see you is glad. （作主语） =It’s glad to see you. (作宾语） • 5. I want to see you. • 6. I want him to see you. （作宾补） (作表语） • 7. My hope is to see you. （作定语） • 8. He is the man to see you. （作原因状语） • 9. I’m glad to see you. 10. I went to see you. （作目的状语） 11. He went so early as to see you （作结果状语）

• • • 12. Swimming is his favourite sport. (作主语） 13. He enjoys swimming. (作宾语） 14. I found him swimming in the river. (作宾补） 15. His favourite sport is swimming. (作表语） 16. He is the man swimming in the river just now. (作定语） • 17. Swimming in Summer , we can get cool. (作状语）

动 词 不 定 式 To do that sort of thing is foolish。 主语 I want to see you this evening 宾语 All you have to do is to finish it quickly. We found a house to live in. She came here to study English. 表语 定语 状语 I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 宾补

(1)作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe． Not to get there in time is your fault. 注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于 之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour ___ get there by bus. 句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty __ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment __ spend our holiday in the mountains

句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. It is + adj + for sb to do sth （是形容事物的性质的 ） It is + adj + of sb to do sth （是形容人的品质的 ） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. ＝You are very kind to give me some help. 　 It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. ＝you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that. 　

(2)作宾语 1). 接不定式做宾语 I want to know this matter. I don’t expect to meet you here. 常见动词有： like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, want, decide, hope, agree, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, choose, wish, need , promise prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, 口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择 start, afford, hate等 1. They wanted ____( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? 2. He said he wished ______( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed______ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred ______ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised ______ ( give ) me a hand.

• B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: • tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… know, show, discover, see(understand) • He taught us how to use the tool. • No one could tell me where to get the book. • I hope you’ll advise me what to do. I don't know how to get there. I haven't decided whether to go or stay.

注意下列动词 begin to do ① start + doing continue

② like love hate prefer learn + to do doing

remember to do ③ forget + doing regret

④ try to do mean + doing stop go on

1. Boys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing　B. closed　C. to closing　D. to close 2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock. A. to have rested　B. resting　C. to rest　 D. rest 4. Remember _______ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off　B. turning off　C. turn off　 D. to turning off

(3)作宾语补足语 (与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系) 1. Mother told me ___ come back before 10 o’clock. 2. I’ll get someone ___ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him ___ change his mind? 4. I wish you ___ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me ___do the work with him

advise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite sb. to do order wish oblige want warn remind promise permit persuade request…

see watch look at hear listen to feel notice make let have + do sb. + doing done

seen watched looked at sb. be heard listened to felt noticed + to do made let

2). I often hear them (sing) this song. Did you notice anyone (come )in ? I would have him (wait) for me for a long time. Look at the horse jump. 注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式则要加上“ to” 如： to sing He is often heard ____ the song· to enter He was seen _______ the room.

4. it作形式宾语 I find/feel to work with him interesting ． I find/feel it interesting to work with him． 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往 把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it +adj/n + to do sth. 1. We thought ___ better ___ start early. 2. Do you consider ___ better not __ go? 3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that. 4. We think __ important __ obey the law. 5. I know __ impossible __ finish so much homework in a day.

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 help 1. Let me ______(help) you _______ (water) the (to)water flowers. to take 2. Little Sandy would love _______(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate ______(cry), cry today he was made _______(cry) by his deskmate. to cry 4. I saw him _______ into the small store. A. went　B. going　C. to go　D. has gone 5. Tell the boy _______ out of the window. A. not to look B. to not look　C. don't look　D. not look

5. I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语) 1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? 区别主被动） 2) 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there. 3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave the room. 4) 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in. (

1. The house is not big enough for us all_______. A. to live in　B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _______? A. to cut the fruit with　B. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruit　D. cutting the fruit with 3. I have something important to say. please find a piece of paper （写上） to write on 4. Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？ to write with I have no pen （写） 动词不定式做定语

注意： 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如： He is looking for a room to live in ． Please give me a knife to cut with． (5)作状语 表示目的、原因、结果或条件。 (目的) I came here to see you． We were very excited to hear the news． (原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody (结果) there. To look at him，you would like him． (条件)

2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语 Are you for or against having the meeting. I insisted on leaving at once. 三. 动名词的功用 1. 可作主语 ①It is no use crying. ①Seeing is believing ②It is no good objecting Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge. ③Looking after the patients is a nurse`s no use job. no good ④It`s dangerous playing with fire. no fun ⑤It`s a waste of time copying other`s ② It`s + a shame + doing a waste of time/money homework. useless ⑥There is no joking about the matter. dangerous ③ There is no + doing. . .

2. 可作宾语 ① S. + vt. + doing Have you finished reading the book? I suggest doing it in a different way. 注：在动词advise, allow, 在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的 forbid(禁止)，permit（允许） 这类动词有： 等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟 避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone 动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise 不定式。例如 喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/can`t help We don’t allow people to fish here. 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy 我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。 People are not allowed to fish here. 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse stand keep / keep on mind 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 人们不准在这儿钓鱼。

②作介词/短语动词的宾语: S. + v. + prep. + doing prefer…. . to…. . e. g. look forward to be used to ①She sat there without (speak) put off ②I look forward to (see) him again. give up S. + keep on + doing ③Are you used to (live) there alone? succeed in ④When my father heard the news, can`t help feel like he couldn't help (laugh). be busy ⑤I don`t feel like (go) to see the film. be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) ⑥He was busy (prepare) his lessons.

③主动表被动: 使用动名词作宾 语时，用主动形 式表达被动含义 want (需要) 　　　 need (需要) 　　　　 require (需要) Sth. + + doing 　　　 be worth (值得) to be done ① The room wants (clean). ② The method needs (improve). ③ This pair of shoes require (mend). ④ The problem needs (work out). 使用不定式作 宾语时，依然 ⑤ The question is well worth 用被动形式表 达被动含义 (discuss)

d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯 性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用 在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如： I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. 我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。 What would you like to eat tonight? 你今晚上想吃什么？ Others Examples Stop；forget；try； Mean；go on；

五. 动名词的复合结构 动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语 1). 物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语: Mary`s coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Rose’s going won’t be of much help. 2). 人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: I`m sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I don’t mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking.

现在分词与过去分词的区别： 1. 语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动 Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor. 2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成 Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled water

• The bridge built last month needs repairing. • 上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。 （3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如： • Those who wish to join the club should sign here (Those wishing to join this club should sign here. 想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。 The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. ) 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。 • (The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. )

3、作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。 I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。

A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English. 四、作状语 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别 现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成 1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.

Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. When they heard the bad news

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. If they had been given more attention

Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. Because he was so angry

They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. and they were singing laughing

To serve the people well, I study hard. In order to serve the people well

判断下列句子正误： 1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done. 2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful. 3. Heating , water will boil. 4. Getting there, the door was found opened.

判断句子正误并改正： 1, Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital. 2. To get there in time, he told me to get up early. 3, Broken by Jim, I can’t use the cup.

将下列状语从句改为非谓语 短语作状语： 1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder. Moved by the hero,

2. When he found the door locked, he went home. Finding the door locked,

He started early in order that he could get there on time. to get there on time

将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句 1. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her. 2. Entering the room, I saw a strange sight. 3, Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.

4. Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman. 5. Hearing her friend was badly hurt, she burst into tears. 6. Knowing his team had won, he became happy at once.

不定式时态、语态的用法 1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态 He wanted to see you 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态 When I came in , he pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时 He is said to have written a novel. I’m so glad to have seen you. The ground is so wet , It must have rained last night 不定式被动语态的用法. A, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态 She asked to be sent to work in Tibet (宾语) The book is said to have been translated into English ( 或叫合 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here (主 语)

B. 句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被 C. 动关系，也还要用主动语态 1, Give him some book to read Do you have any clothes to wash ? “Do you have any clothes to be washed? ” asked the maid 2, S +be+easy difficult hard pleasant interesting exciting comfortable +to do This question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach 3, The house is to let The manager is to blame. The reason is not far to seek. 4 There be句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同 There is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now )现在没事干 There is nothing to be done now (we can do nothing now )现在没什 么办法 There is nothing to see (nothing is worth seeing )没有东西值得看 There is nothing to be seen 看不见有什么东西

分词时态、语态的用法 分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关 系时被动的，要用被动语态 1. Looking out of the window, I can see many cars and buses. 2. Seen from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful. following 3. The teacher came in, _______many students. (follow) 4. The teacher came in, _______by many students. (follow) followed 如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。 1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter. 2. The house being built now is a Hope Project School. 3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried onto an ambulance. 如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。 Not having finished his homework , Tom was made to stay at school. Having closed all the windows , I went home Having been invited to the party , Tom was very happy.

Task: complete the following 1. “Do you have any clothes to be washed ＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗 ）? the maid asked. sentences Not having finished his homework, 2. ________( 没有完成作业), Tom was forbidden to watch TV. Being painted 3. ________( 正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter. Not having been invited to the ball, 4. ________( 被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited. is difficult to work out 很难算出）. 5. The difficult maths problem __________( not having been invited没有被邀请）to the ball. 6. She was angry for _________( without being seen 没人看到） 7. The thief stole into the store_________( is to let 8. The flat _________( 出租） 9. The man who was on duty that day _________( 应受谴责） is to blame having been sent to work in Tibet 10. They were proud of __________( 被派往西藏去 作） pretended to be reading 11. When the teacher came in, Tom _________( 假装再看书） to have written a book called “The Days” 12. Ni Ping is said __________( 写了一本名叫“日子”的书） to be writing a book named “ The Months” 13. Song Dandan is said ________( 在写一本叫“月子”的书） Looking out of the window, 14. _________( 从窗户往外看), I can see many tall buildings. Seen from top of the hill, 15. _________( 从山顶往下看), the city looks more beautiful. He has a lot of work to do 16. _________( 他有很多活要干）. Don’t bother him. He has a lot of work to be done 17. _________( 他有很多活要干) and you can go , too.

• 被动式： being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。 1. The building being repaired is our library. 2. The question being discussed is very important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up. • 完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的 动作之前发生。 1. Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 2. Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.

1．独立主格结构的形式： （1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语 The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following. （2）名词 / 代词 + -ed分词及其短语 Good-bye said, we went home. All things considered, it is a good plan.

（3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语 The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming. Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated. （4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.

（5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语 The meeting (being) over, we left the room. （6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语 She stood there, book in hand. Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.

（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词 The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. He was asleep with his head on his arms. Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free medical treatment, with medicines at half price. （3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 He went out with his hat on. The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.

4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Don’t speak with your mouth full. The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high. 5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词 With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains. With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed. She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.

（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. He died with his life’s work still unfinished. With his matter settled, we left the room. （7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work. This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.

3. 由There being +主语 这种结构多表示原因。例如： There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight. 因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。

不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主 语时经常表示抽象动作： It’s no good eating too much fat. It’s not good for you to eat so much fat. 关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规 则是： 1. 逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形 容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。 Tom’s (His) coming is what we have expe 2. 逻辑主语是无生命的名词：Is there any hope of our team winning the match She didn’t mind Jack/ Jack’s (him/ his) coming here. 1. ______to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike comes D. Mike’s coming 2. It’s no use _______ that you didn’t know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend

Thanks a lot!

不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主 语时经常表示抽象动作： It’s no good eating too much fat. It’s not good for you to eat so much fat. 关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规 则是： 1. 逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形 容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。 Tom’s (His) coming is what we have expe 2. 逻辑主语是无生命的名词：Is there any hope of our team winning the match She didn’t mind Jack/ Jack’s (him/ his) coming here. 1. ______to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike comes D. Mike’s coming 2. It’s no use _______ that you didn’t know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend

A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的， 可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you. B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是： (表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc. It’s kind of you to think so much of us. It’s unwise of him to leave home at once. It ‘s wrong of him to speak bad behind others. It’s wrong of the south to break away from the Union.

动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型 2. 用it作形式主语，常与no use, no good, useless, worthwhile连用 1. It’s no use talking too much without doing （ 1）广说不做没用 anything 2. It’s useless crying over the spilt milk （ 2）做无益的后悔没用 no good smoking too much （3. It’s 3）吸烟太多无益 4. It’s worthwhile learning English well. （ 4）学好英语是值得做的 1. It’s no use ______( sit ) here waiting. 2. There is no ______( say )what will happen next. 3. Is it any good ______( tell ) him the truth? 4. It is great fun _____ (play) golf.

作表语 to do 表示具体的动作，-ing form表示泛指的动作，通 常 1. Her work is ______( look ) after the children. 2. My aim is ______( go ) to Tsing. Hua University. 3. One of my bad habits is ______(bite ) nails（指甲）.

（3）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式 1). 其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need) My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean. 2). be to do可构成将来时态, 表 “准备/打算/计划/需要”; She is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain.

2。不定式作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型 （1. It 1）你这么说真是太好了 is very kind of you to say so. （ 2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了 2. It’s very foolish of him to say such things （ 3）我们学好英语是必要的 3. It is necessary for us to learn English well 4. It’s not difficult for you to learn well English （ 4）你们学好英语语法并不难 grammar 3. 固定句型 1. It takes Li. Lei two and a half hours to complete （1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业 his homework. long did it take you to finish writing （2. How 2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？ your composition?

不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介 词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式 不带to，否则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry． What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． (4)作定语 不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the first person to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English. He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.

不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介 词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式 不带to，否则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry． What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． (4)作定语 不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the first person to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English. He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.

1). 目的状语: 可放于句首, 也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so as/so…as to表强调. He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time 2). 结果状语: 主要用在enough to/too…to…/only to结构中。 The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work. 3). 原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj. + to do 表感情的adj. 有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong. I’m very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home

1. The man insisted____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _______ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 3. I really can't understand ______ her like that. A. B. you to treat A. you treat C. why treat D. you treating 4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity. A. B. losing A. to lose C. to be lost D. being lost

When I got home, my son happened to be watching TV. 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。 She is said to have read thirty novels this year. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long． After graduation, he asked to be sent to work in the countryside. This novel is said to have been translated into French.

选出下面习题正确答案 1 -I’m hungry, and I want to eat the cake. -What! it is not good_______ A. for eating B. to be eaten C. to eat D. at eating 2 It’s important_____ and helpful. A. to kind B. be kind C. kind D. to be kind 3. It took Alice and me an hour ______out the problem. A. to work B. working C. work D. for working. 4. I found it very important ______ English well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned 5. It’s very nice _____you to ______me about it. A. for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D. of; tell

怎样区分动名词和现在分词 换位法 作表语 My job is teaching. Her job is getting everything in order in the office The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play The story he told us was very interesting ≠Interesting was the story he told us. 作定语 ⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。 a washing machine ＝ a machine for washing

找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语） 1. He stood there, tired from a whole day of work, 状语 thinking of a way to escape from the construction site. 2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 定语 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 状语 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now. 宾语 5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. (宾语)补语 6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 定语

3）作表语: S. + be + doing My job is teaching you English. His hobby is collecting stamps. My greatest happiness is serving the people. 4）作定语: S. + v. + doing + n. Does he work in the reading-room? Our teacher uses a very good teaching method. His grandfather has a bamboo walking stick.