Nonfigure Charts Version 0907 Flow Charts Basic Concepts

Non-figure Charts 长沙新东方傅阳 Version 0907

Flow Charts

Basic Concepts process/flow/ stage/step 1. 时间/逻辑顺序连词 To begin with/firstly…. . Then, after, consequently, …. . The last step, finally 2. 表示步骤内容：主动被动 We should put a table should be put. 3. 表示方位，功能，意义，which 定从 4. 评价步骤，提醒注意： significant/essential/vital/indispensable…… trivial/optional/…….

3. 表示方位，功能，意义，which 定从 • ………. . , which located/situated/has been put in……. . , is…………(方位 ) • ………. . , which is used to / function(s) as/serve(s) to / is aiming to……. . , is…………(功能) • ………. . , which is important/ trivial/optional ……. . , is………………(意义)

• • • Screen location= on desk Function= show the graph Significance= indispensable (评价) The screen is usually put on the desk, as an indispensable part of a computer, which is used to/ serves the purpose of/ fulfill the job of presenting the graphs in front of us.

1. diagram for scientific experiment Paragraph 2 = how should we organize the preparation(准备的步骤按试验顺序，逻辑顺序) Paragraph 3 = introduce the simple (common sense) scientific process…. .

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The diagram below shows the method of obtaining water outdoors. You should write at least 150 words.

第一步骤 According to the figure, the first step of obtaining water outdoors is to find a hole ……. . is done……… to form(形成 )/construct/build an ……. Done= hung(挂)，dug(挖)，cut(剪), laid ， turned on(打开 )， open， filled， removed， put， pasted， covered， uncovered……. . are applied=复杂的做(用) 法

• 为了什么目的（in order to+ 主动语态） • and stones are applied on both sides of the sheet on the edge （which is） in order to(目的和功能) secure（=stabilize） its position • 达到什么效果（as a result/therefore/ Thus + 被动语态） • Another stone is being put in the middle/centre of the sheet and as a result the middle part becomes the lowest part in the sheet.

• ……. . is ……. . , which enables/allows/ realizes …………… • the gene is then attached to a vector, which enables the gene to enter a new cell.

• According to the figure, earth is removed from the ground to form(形成) an indented place. (some plant was put into the ground among which a container was laid ). A plastic sheet is being used to cover the ground and stones are applied on both sides of the sheet on the edge (in order) to(目的和功能) secure（=stabilize） its position. Another stone is being put in the middle/centre of the sheet and as a result the middle part becomes the lowest part in the sheet.

• The chart describes how water is obtained outdoors. • According to the figure, the first step of obtaining water outdoors is to find a hole with green plants on the bottom. Next, remove the green plants on the middle of the bottom and put a container there. Then, cover the hole with a plastic sheet and place two stones on both ends of it to secure its position. A third stone is laid on the middle of the plastic sheet so that the middle part is also the lowest part.

• 对一个（自然）现象的描述 • When/now the sun shines on the green plants in the hole, thereafter, water evaporates (rises up) from these plants. The vapor rises up and then condenses （cools down） to form water drops on the plastic sheet. When there is more and more water （ when the water accumulates） , it flows along the sheet to accumulate on the lowest part. Finally, water falls down into the container directly under the middle stone. • Thus, water is collected successfully through evaporation from green plants.

常用的科学过程描绘词 evaporate condense vaporise distill purify filter boil erupt deposit percolate circulate attach separate isolate ventilate connect

试验intro 和 conclusion • The chart describes how water is obtained outdoors. • Thus, water is collected successfully through evaporation from green plants.

You should spend at least 20 minutes on this task. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the genetic engineering process chart below. You should write at least 150 words.

• 位置上的包含关系 • AAA is situated at BBB, which is the …. . of/belongs to CCC centre/edge in DDD. • first of all， AAA are identified along/in BBB, which can be found in the CCC at the centre/edge of DDD.

• This diagram shows the constituent parts of a cell and how the genetic information within a cell, which is stored in chromosomes, can be transferred to another cell to complete the process of genetic modification. • The chart describes how the process of genetic modification is completed. • the constituent parts (内部构造) of a cell

• To begin the genetic engineering process, first of all， genes are identified along chromosome strands, which can be found in the nucleus of a cell. In the next stage/step, particular genes are isolated by genetic engineers and are then biochemically cut of their chromosomal strands. Following this, in the next stage, the gene is then attached to a vector, which enables the gene to enter a new cell. This combining of genetic information from one cell kind to another is the essence/critical part of the genetic engineering process.

• 描写科学步骤的模板： • To begin the ……. . process, first of all， …………… , which can be found ……………. . In the next stage/step, ………………. Following this, in the next stage, ……………, which enables …………. . This step of ……………… is the most critical part ………………. . process.

• Finally, as in the example provided in the diagram shows, when the regenerated cells of a particular plant species are allowed to grow, the plants will show properties of the genetic information, which has been borrowed from another species' cells.

years height Length A 8 +3500 11. 6 French-Italian B 42 -240 53. 85 Japanese 1 -2

• 表达花费，时长 • It took/cost…. . to complete/ finish/ accomplish ……. • 表达高，长，宽，重…. • it is as long/high/wide/heavy as ……. . it is as long as 11. 6 kilometres. • The tunnel runs/travels/spans/covers(覆盖面积) takes up 240 metres below the sea surface. • Connecting A and B, reaching from A to B,

• The figures illustrate and compare the engineering features of two worldrenowned tunnels, the Mont-Blanc Road Tunnel and the Seikan Railway Tunnel. • Mont-Blanc Tunnel，as shown in Figure 1 is a road tunnel connecting France and Italy. Traveling 3, 500 metres beneath the highest peak of the mountain above it, the tunnel has a total length of 11. 6 kilo metres. The construction of this tunnel commenced(=opened, started ) in 1957 and it took 8 years to complete.

• The Seikan Tunnel illustrated in Figure 2 is a railway tunnel in Japan. Opened in 1988, it runs beneath the seabed of the Tsugaru Strait, connecting Aomori City on the Japanese island Hakodate City on the island of Hokkaido. The tunnel runs 240 metres below the sea surface. Its construction began（ commenced） as early as 1946 and it took 42 years to complete this 53. 85 km submarine tunnel.

联系作比较 A VS B A , B, A/B • AAA is by far longer than BBB • and AAA took much longer than BBB to accomplish. • and AAA was much more expensive than BBB

• It is evident from the diagrams that although both represent remarkable feats of engineering technology, the undersea Seikan Railway Tunnel is by far longer than Mont-Blanc Tunnel which was built on land its construction took much longer to accomplish.

• S 2 Hindon 12 km / 10, 000 • It travels 12 km to go to the Hindon Town, which is with population of 10, 000. • And it takes 16 km and 25 km’s trip to go to Bransdon (with 15, 000 population ) and Cransdon (with 29, 000 population ) respectively.

地图题的特点 • 空间方位： • • 描写顺序：layout 布局 NW SE Clockwise/anticlockwise 空间过渡：next to, at the corner, in the middle, opposite to, beside, in front of , bottom, top, left , right, above…. . across, go beyond, pass, turn left, turn right

MAP题范例 • The maps below give information about a school site in 2004 and the planning of the same school in 2010. • Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. • （2007年 7月1日雅思考题）

• 审题：思路上同双pie chart • A in 2004, map layout(分布局) • B in 2010, map layout(分布局)+ change

• The two maps show the plan changes in the campus layout of Hogwards Grammar School from 2004 to 2010. • Figure 1 provides an overview of the original school plan in 2004. At this time, the school has 600 students and it’s “only" school building is located in its northwest corner. To its east, there is a large sport field, which is connected to school building by a walking path. Cars enter the school area from its west side, and then drive along a main road which leads to a car park situated in the northeast corner. The rest of the campus is covered by lawns and trees.

• Figure 2 highlights the plan changes to be completed by 2010. As the number of students will expand to about 1, 000, two more school buildings will be added（located/constructed? ）, one to the east of the original one and the other to its south, all three conveniently connected to each other by walking paths.

• Part of the sport field will be taken up by a new school building, so the playground will "shrink" on its original basis. A new parking lot will also be constructed to the left of the old building, aiming to serve an increased number of students, parents and staff. And the main road will be altered accordingly to connect the two parking areas. • (Free alterations)