NonCommunicable Diseases NCD Ms Rose Anne Jane Bartolata

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Ms. Rose Anne Jane Bartolata MAPEH Teacher

Non-communicable Diseases � Are not passed from person to person � Are of long duration and generally slow progression

Healthy Lifestyle -Defined as a way of life that promotes and protects health ad wellbeing.

Risk factors: A. Modifiable Behaviour � Unhealthy diet � Physical inactivity � Exposure to tobacco smoke � Effects of harmful use of alcohol

B. Metabolic/ Physiological � Raised BP � Overweight/ obesity � Hyperglycemia � hyperlipidemia

C. Non- modifiable Factors � Age � Gender � Race � Genetics

I. Hypertension � Sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure

Causes: 1. Primary hypertensionhas no definite cause 2. Secondary- result of some other primary diseases leading to hypertension

Risk Factors: �Family history �Age- older person are at greater risk �High salt intake �Obesity �Excessive alcohol intake

Classification of Blood Pressure CATEGORY SBP DBP Normal <120 and <80 Prehypertension 120 -139 or 80 -89 Hypertension Stage 1 140 -159 or 90 -99 Hypertension Stage 2 >160 or >100

Prevention: � Encourage proper nutritionreduce salt and fat intake � Prevent becoming overweight or obese � Smoking cessation

II. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 � A metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

� For extreme cases, circulation of limbs is affected, potentially requiring amputation.

Risk factors � Family history � Overweight � Sedentary lifestyle � Hypertension � hyperlipidemia

Prevention: �Maintain body weight and prevent obesity through proper nutrition and physical activity/ exercise. �Encourage proper nutrition �Promote regular physical activity and exercise �Smoking cessation

III. Cardiovascular Disease �Include a number of conditions affecting the structures or function of the heart. They can include: a. Coronary artery disease b. abnormal heart rhythms c. heart failure d. Heart valve disease e. Congenital heart disease f. Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome

Causes: � Atherosclerosis � Diabetes � Hypertension � Congenital anomaly � Family history

Prevention: �Promote regular physical activity and exercise �Encourage proper nutrition by limiting intake of saturated fats that increase bad cholesterol, limiting salt intake, and increasing intake of dietary fiber. �Smoking cessation

IV- Cancer �Develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control �Travel to other parts of the body where they begin to grow and replace normal tissue.

Causes: �Heredity �Carcinogen- an agent capable of causing cancer �Chemical and environmental agentssmoked foods, processed food �Benzopyrene –burned food �Nitrosamine – preservatives �Radiation �Viruses

Risk Factors: �Lung cancer- tobacco use, radiation exposure, second- hand smoke �Breast cancer- early menarche/ late menopause, age, high fat diet, obesity, physical inactivity �Prostate cancer- age, race, high fat diet, heredity �Liver cancer- viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, long term exposure to aflatoxin ( peanut, wheat, soybean, corn and rice)

Warning Signs for Cancer C- Change in bowel or bladder habits A- A sore that does not heal U- Unusual bleeding or discharge T- Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere I- Indigestion and difficulty in swallowing O- Obvious change in wart or mole N- Nagging cough or hoarseness of the voice U- Unexplained anemia S- Sudden weight loss

Prevention: �Smoking cessation �Encourage proper nutrition �Drink alcoholic beverages in moderation �Avoid/ control obesity through proper nutrition and exercise �The sooner a cancer is diagnosed and treatment begins the better the chances of living longer and enjoying a better quality of life.

V- Asthma � A chronic, inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role.

Causes and Risk Factors: �Host factors 1. Genetic predisposition 2. Allergy 3. Airway hyperresponsiveness 4. Gender 5. Race

�Environmental factors 1. Indoor allergens 2. Outdoor allergens 3. Occupational sensitizers 4. Tobacco smoke 5. Air pollution 6. Respiratory infection 7. Family size 8. Diet and drugs 9. Obesity

Prevention: �Recognize triggers that exacerbate asthma �Avoid triggers if possible �Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to pregnant women

QUIZ # 2 HEALTH 1. These are diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyle. These are NOT passed from person to person?

2. It is defined as the way of life that promotes and protects health and well being.

3. What Non Communicable disease is defined as the sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure?

4. Which Non Communicable Disease is characterized by high glucose / sugar level in blood that resulted in insulin resistance?

5. It is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role.

6 -8 Identify at least 3 Signs & Symptoms of DIABETES 9 -10 Name at least 2 activities that would prevent NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

ALLERGY � is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system. Symptoms include red eyes, itchiness, and runny nose, eczema, hives, or an asthma attack. Allergies can play a major role in conditions such as asthma.

ARTHRITIS � from Greek word arthro means joint and itis means inflammation � is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints.

RENAL FAILURE � is a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products from the blood.