NonCommunicable Diseases Lifestyle Diseases NonCommunicable disease l A
Non-Communicable Diseases (Lifestyle Diseases)
Non-Communicable disease l A non-communicable disease are diseases that cannot be spread from person to person. l In some cases, they are diseases caused by how you live your life.
Non-Communicable Diseases l Some non-communicable diseases are chronic. l Chronic means that it is present either continuously or on and off over a long period. l Examples: Asthma l Heart Disease l Stroke l Cancer l Arthritis l Allergies l
Degenerative Disease l Degenerative disease is a disease that causes a breakdown in body cells, tissues, and organs as it progresses. l Examples: l Multiple Sclerosis - autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Alzheimer's disease l Spinal muscular atrophy - disease that robs people of physical l strength by affecting the motor nerve cells in the spinal cord, taking away the ability to walk, eat, or breathe. l Parkinson's disease - It is characterized by progressive loss of muscle control, which leads to trembling of the limbs and head while at rest, stiffness, slowness, and impaired balance l Huntington's disease - An inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time. Usually, Huntington's disease results in progressive movement, thinking (cognitive), and psychiatric symptoms.
Alzheimer’s Disease l Destroys brain cells, causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior severe enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life. l Your brain works like a factory take in supplies, generate energy, construct equipment and get rid of waste l keeping everything running requires coordination as well as large amounts of fuel and oxygen l l In Alzheimer’s disease, parts of the cell’s factory stop running well l But just like a real factory, backups and breakdowns in one system cause problems in other areas. The most common form of dementia Has no current cure
Congenital Disorders l Congenital Disorders are all disorders that are present when the baby is born. l Some congenital diseases are caused by heredity, while others are caused by mother’s choice of lifestyle while pregnant. l Examples: l Congenital Heart Disease - conditions that are present at birth and can affect the structure of a baby's heart and the way it works. l Down Syndrome - a condition in which a baby is born with an extra chromosome. l Cleft Lip or Palate - birth defects that occur when a baby’s lip or mouth do not form properly. l Spina Bifida - condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth
Lifestyle Choices and Disease l Factors that you cannot control: Heredity l Age l Gender l Ethnic Group l l Factors that you can control: l l l Eat healthy food Stay physically active Maintain a healthy weight Get enough sleep Manage stress Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels l Approximately 61 million Americans have a CVD l CVDs are responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US = almost 1 million Americans l
Types of Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Diseases of the Heart
Hypertension https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=di. G 519 d. FVNs l High blood pressure l Can damage heart, blood vessels, and other body organs l Can occur at any age, but more common for people over the age of 35 l 23% of Americans age 20 -74 have hypertension l “silent killer” – no symptoms at early stages l Get BP checked regularly l Management l Medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, proper nutrition
Atherosclerosis l The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls l Build up of plaque causes arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity l Clots can form from plaque l If blood flow is stopped to the heart = heart attack l If blood flow is blocked to the brain = stroke
Heart Attack l l l Blood flow is blocked to the coronary arteries Many are sudden and cause intense chest pain Common symptoms l l l Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in the chest area Discomfort spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen, and back Chest discomfort with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting Other symptoms Immediate response and treatment is needed to treat a heart attack
Congestive Heart Failure Heart gradually weakens l Can result from high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart valve defect, or other factors l Strategies for prevention – healthy lifestyle and sometime medication l
Stroke Arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain l Severity of stroke depends on which part of the brain lost blood l
Why am I at risk? l The decisions you make now will affect your health later in life. l Symptoms may not show up for years
Risk Factors for CVDs l l l l Controllable Tobacco Use High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol Sedentary Lifestyle Excessive Weight Stress Drug and Alcohol Use l l l Uncontrollable Heredity Gender Age
Diabetes A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy
Symptoms of Diabetes l l l l l Frequent urination Excessive thirst Unexplained weight loss Extreme hunger Sudden vision changes Tingling in hands or feet Frequent fatigue Very dry skin Sores that are slow to heal More infections than usual
Type 1 Diabetes The body does NOT make insulin – glucose builds up in the body (high glucose levels) l Autoimmune disease – a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person’s own body l Must take insulin l
Type 2 Diabetes l Noncommunicable Disease l l Linked with obesity and a diet high in fat, calories, and cholesterol Accounts for 90 -95% of all diabetes The body is unable to make enough insulin or use insulin properly Treatment l l Weight management, regular physical activity, and monitoring their diet Type 2 Diabetes
Cancer Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
Cancer Vocabulary l Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body l Benign – non-cancerous l Malignant – cancerous l Metastasis – the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body
Risk factors for Cancer Tobacco use l Sexually Transmitted Diseases l Dietary Factors l Radiation l
Detecting Cancer Self-examinations l Biopsy – the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination l
Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer - National Cancer Institute May 15, 2015 Leukemia, lymphoma, testicular cancer, and thyroid cancer are the most common cancers among 15 -24 -year-olds. Among 25 -39 year-olds, breast cancer and melanoma are the most common. Evidence suggests that some cancers in adolescents and young adults may have unique genetic and biological features.
MELANOMA Taking a Closer Look
Melanoma l Dear 16 Year Old Me
CAUTION – Warning Signs of Cancer C – Change in bowel habits A – A sore that does not heal U – Unusual bleeding or discharge T – Thickening or a lump I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowing O – Obvious change in a wart or mole N – Nagging cough or horseness
Treating Cancer Surgery l Radiation therapy l Chemotherapy l l Remission – a period of time when symptoms disappear
Environmental Factors and Disease l l l Many substances in the environment can cause serious health problems (example – lead in fish) Carbon Monoxide in high levels can cause illness and death. Smog can cause respiratory and breathing problems in some people.
Objective Questions Why is hypertension considered a “silent killer”? l Describe 3 strategies to prevent noncommunicable diseases. l Describe the difference of a benign and malignant tumor. l
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