Nomenclature Type I Binary Ionicmetal and nonmetal type
Nomenclature: Type I Binary Ionic-metal and nonmetal type I group 1, 2, 13 and nonmetal Type II Binary Ionic transition metals and nonmetals Covalent- nonmetal and nonmetal Polyatomic Ion Acid Naming and Formulas
Binary Ionic Naming • Type I • Characteristics: metal cation (Group 1, 2, 13, Ag+1 and Zn+2) + nonmetal anion • Rules: 1. Name the metal first and nonmetal second. 2. Metal takes element name. 3. Nonmetal takes root element name plus suffix – ide. • Examples: Na. Cl Sodium chloride Ca. F 2 Calcium fluoride Al. Br 3 Aluminum bromide
Writing Type I Ionic Formulas • RULES – SCSR: Symbols, Charges (group charges), Switch (no +/- signs), Reduce! • Examples: Magnesium iodide • Mg. I 2 Aluminum fluoride Al. F 3 Calcium sulfide Ca. S
Binary Ionic Naming (Stock System) Examples: • Type II • Characteristics: Fe. Cl 3 metal cation Iron (III) chloride (transition metals, Sn and Pb) + Fe 2 O 3 nonmetal anion Iron (III) oxide • Rules: Same as Type 1 + Cu. Br Roman Numeral for Charge Copper (I) bromide 1. Anion group charge x subscript = total negative charge Cu. Br 2 2. Total (-) charge = Total (+) charge 3. Total (+) charge/subscript = cation charge Copper (II) bromide
Writing Type II Ionic Formulas (stock system) Rules SCSR Roman Numeral gives the Metal’s Charge Examples: Copper (I) nitride Titanium (III) chloride
Binary Covalent Naming • Type III • Characteristics: (only nonmetals) nonmetal + nonmetal • Rules: 1. Name first element first and second element second. 2. First element takes element name and second element is named like an anion w/ -ide suffix. 3. Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms for element. 4. Never use the mono- prefix on the first element. • Prefixes: 1 mono 2 di 3 tri 4 tetra 5 penta • Examples: CO N 2 O 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa 9 nona 10 deca-
Polyatomic Ion Naming • Characteristics: compound contains more than 2 elements • Polyatomic Ion (PAI) – 2 or more covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge • 1. 2. 3. 4. Types: Type I Metal + PAI Type II Metal + PAI PAI + Nonmetal
Writing Covalent Formulas • Prefixes in the name are converted to subscripts attached to the same element. • Examples: Sulfur hexafluoride Tetraphosphorus decoxide Dihydrogen monoxide
Polyatomic Ion Naming • Rules: 1. Identify the PAI 2. If the First Ion is a: *Type I M- element name *Type II M- element name w/ Roman numeral *PAI- polyatomic ion 3. If the Second Ion is a: PAI- polyatomic ion name NM- element root w/ -ide. 4. Do NOT use prefixes. • Examples: Na. NO 3 Fe. SO 4 NH 4 Cl NH 4 NO 3
Writing PAI Formulas For the cation (+): 1. Write the symbol. 2. Charges: Type I M – group charge Type II M – roman numeral, then PAI For the anion: 1. Write the symbol. 2. Charges: PAI Nonmetal (single) – group charge • Then Switch and Reduce!!! Examples: Sodium hydroxide Copper (II) nitrate Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium chloride
Acid Naming Characteristics: Hydrogen is the first element • Acids with Oxygen (oxyacids) – Based on the PAI with changes to the endings. -ate -ic -ite -ous – Acid is always placed at the end of the name. – Hydrogen is NOT part of the name. • Acids without Oxygen – hydro-(anion root)-ic acid – Anion may be a single nonmetal or a PAI that does not contain oxygen. – Examples: HBr H 3 PO 4
Writing Acid Formulas • First ion: - ALWAYS hydrogen (H+) Examples: • Second ion: - PAI – memorized charge Hydrochloric acid (p. 268) - Nonmetal (single) – group charge • Then Switch and Reduce! Sulfuric acid
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