NOAAs National Height Modernization Program Regional Height Modernization

NOAA’s National Height Modernization Program Regional Height Modernization Forum Wichita, Kansas May 2, 2008 Renee Shields Height Modernization Manager

Overview • NGS Mission and Height Modernization Overview • Needs and Benefits of Accurate Heights • NGS Roles and Responsibilities

Mission of NGS To define, maintain and provide access to the National Spatial Reference System to meet our nation’s economic, social, and environmental needs http: //geodesy. noaa. gov/INFO/ngs_tenyearplan. pdf

From the NGS 10 -Year Plan • Define the NSRS – “The NSRS must be more accurate than all activities which build upon it, while still being practicably achievable. ” • Maintain the NSRS – “NGS must track all of the temporal changes to the defining points of the NSRS in such a way as to always maintain the accuracy in the NSRS definition. ” • Provide Access to the NSRS – “NGS must develop and maintain guidelines for users to access the NSRS at a variety of accuracies. ” – “NGS will publish all coordinates of defining points of the NSRS with an epoch tag and will furthermore publish velocities relative to that epoch-tagged set of coordinates” http: //geodesy. noaa. gov/INFO/ngs_tenyearplan. pdf

Mission – The NSRS is… • The official national coordinate system of the U. federal government which includes: – Geodetic latitude, longitude and height – Scale, gravity, and orientation – How these values change with time • Components include: – – – National and Cooperative CORS Network of passive monuments Official national shoreline Precise orbits of GNSS satellites used to define NSRS Models and tools to describe how all of these quantitie change over time.

NSRS Height Modernization Objective NSRS NAVD 88 GEODETIC CONTROL Reliable Cost-effective Accurate Standardized Legally Established

Height Modernization is … …the establishment of accurate, reliable heights using GNSS technology in conjunction with traditional leveling, gravity, and modern remote sensing information….

The Roots of Height Modernization • In 1994 - First meeting held in Sacramento, CA – Some heights in CA in error by more than a meter – GPS could be immediately used to meet some of California’s requirements – Necessary for the implementation of NAVD 88 • In 1998, $1. 0 M was added to NGS budget to perform Height Modernization Study

Height Modernization Study • Study Goals: – Identify/document user requirements for height data – Identify/document applications for GPS height data – Evaluate estimated cost benefits and implementation costs – Recommend actions to meet requirements – all technologies • Study Components: – User forums and outreach – Evaluate 16 case studies – Compare costs of similar surveys using different methods

The Roots of Height Modernization • In 2000, $500 K added to NGS’ budget for Height Modernization planning • In 2001, $2. 25 M added to NGS budget – to implement Height Modernization in NC – to support the California Spatial Reference Center (CSRC) – to support NGS related Height Modernization activities • Also in 2001, NOAA is directed to work with LA and WI to assess their requirements for Height Modernization

Height Modernization Program Timeline • 2002 -2006– Program expanded to 11 states through Congressionally directed earmarks • 2007 – Program funded at previous year’s levels but without Congressional Direction • 2008 – Appropriations includes Height Modernization line plus earmarks, but total funding is decreased

Height Modernization Appropriations (FY 01 -FY 08) Fiscal Year Appropriations States FY 2001 2. 25 M CA, NC FY 2002 3. 75 M FY 2003 3. 75 M FY 2004 9. 0 M FY 2005 9. 6 M FY 2006 9. 9 M FY 2007 9. 9 M FY 2008 4. 995 M + 1. 152 M CA, NC, LA, WI, MS, AL, WA, SC CA, NC, LA, WI, MS, AL, WA, TX, KY CA, NC, WI, MS, AL, SC, TX, KY, AZ “without direction” Line + AL, KY, IL

FY 07 Height Modernization - Recipients CA Scripps Institution of Oceanography (CSRC) NC North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources(and North Carolina A&T State University) LA Louisiana State University (LSRC) WI Wisconsin Department of Transportation SC South Carolina Geodetic Survey AL Alabama Department of Revenue MS University of Southern Mississippi WA Washington State Department of Natural Resources (SRCW) TX Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi (TSRC) KY Morehead State University AZ Arizona State Land Development (ASRC) IL Illinois State Geological Survey

Participating and Interested States Spatial Reference Centers Regional Leaders Other funded partners States engaged in HM without federal funding assistance Current Funded Partners

Height Matters Image credit: : AP Photo/Rick Bowmer

Measure, Monitor, Model Crustal Motion/ Subsidence/Isostatic Rebound /Seasonal changes West Coast Crustal Motion – CA, WA PA 147 - Penn. DOT Gulf Coast Subsidence – LA, MS Localized Subsidence – AZ, NC

Measure, Monitor, Model …. . Water Management – Water Levels Seasonal Subsidence - TX 13 MONTGOMERY 12 17 11 18 19 6 3 HARRIS 5 ADKS 15 FORT BEND 10 Great Lakes region uplift - WI LKHU NE HOUSTON 4 16 14 9 78 2 1 USM T M C 28 24 27 21 00 20 GALVESTON 22 23 26

Flooding: river overflow, coastal, storm surge, flash flood • FEMA Map Modernization Program – Flood Insurance Rate Maps – Elevation Certificates – FEMA Cooperative Technical States, e. g. NC • Determining High Water Marks • Evacuation Route Surveys • Damage Mitigation

Water Resource Management • Dam Safety • Water resources Folsom dam • Relating tidal and geodetic datums – Ship transport: underwater/overhead clearance Novi Special WT, MI

• Transportation • Mapping and Charting • Construction, Engineering • Recover decimated control networks

DEMs, Geoid modeling

New and Non-traditional Applications: • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) • Precision Farming • Fleet Management

Local Issues How can Height Modernization help?

“To define, maintainand provide access to the NSRS…” Problems with traditional leveling • Control network is becoming decimated • Costly, time consuming • Difficult to maintain

Can we get accurate heights with GNSS?

NGS Business Plan: 3 Areas of Focus • Infrastructure • Models and Tools • Outside Capacity Building

Infrastructure • “Define, maintain, provide access to NSRS” • Active control network – CORS • Passive control network as needed • Guidelines and standards for geodetic field and processing practices • Quality check data that is incorporated in the NGS database • Enable positioning consistent with NSRS

Kansas Primary Control – CORS FBYN – Fairbury, NE KAN 1 – Kansas City 1

Oklahoma Primary Control – CORS OKAL – Altus, OK OKMU – Muskogee, OK

Primary Control - Kansas High Accuracy Reference Network

Primary Control - Oklahoma High Accuracy Reference Network

• • • • • • • NGS Datasheet – Leveling/GPS 1 National Geodetic Survey, Retrieval Date = APRIL 30, 2008 HF 0551 ************************************ HF 0551 DESIGNATION - E 349 HF 0551 PID - HF 0551 STATE/COUNTY- KS/SEDGWICK HF 0551 USGS QUAD - DERBY (1982) HF 0551 *CURRENT SURVEY CONTROL HF 0551 __________________________________ HF 0551* NAD 83(2007)- 37 37 21. 93338(N) 097 20 11. 12620(W) NO CHECK HF 0551* NAVD 88 389. 052 (meters) 1276. 41 (feet) ADJUSTED HF 0551 __________________________________ HF 0551 EPOCH DATE 2002. 00 HF 0551 X -645, 931. 125 (meters) COMP HF 0551 Y - -5, 016, 973. 614 (meters) COMP HF 0551 Z 3, 872, 584. 437 (meters) COMP HF 0551 LAPLACE CORR-0. 48 (seconds) DEFLEC 99 HF 0551 ELLIP HEIGHT 360. 265 (meters) (02/10/07) NO CHECK HF 0551 GEOID HEIGHT-28. 77 (meters) GEOID 03 HF 0551 DYNAMIC HT 388. 745 (meters) 1275. 41 (feet) COMP HF 0551 ------- Accuracy Estimates (at 95% Confidence Level in cm) -------HF 0551 Type PID Designation North East Ellip HF 0551 ---------------------------------HF 0551 NETWORK HF 0551 E 349 1. 00 0. 76 2. 70 HF 0551 ----------------------------------

NGS Datasheet – Leveling/GPS • • • • • • • HF 0551 VERT ORDER - SECOND CLASS 0 HF 0551. The horizontal coordinates were established by GPS observations HF 0551. and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in February 2007. HF 0551. The datum tag of NAD 83(2007) is equivalent to NAD 83(NSRS 2007). HF 0551 See National Readjustment for more information. HF 0551. No horizontal observational check was made to the station. HF 0551. The horizontal coordinates are valid at the epoch date displayed above. HF 0551. The epoch date for horizontal control is a decimal equivalence HF 0551. of Year/Month/Day. HF 0551 The orthometric height was determined by differential leveling HF 0551 and adjusted in June 1991. HF 0551 Photographs are available for this station. HF 0551. The X, Y, and Z were computed from the position and the ellipsoidal ht. HF 0551. The Laplace correction was computed from DEFLEC 99 derived deflections. HF 0551 The ellipsoidal height was determined by GPS observations HF 0551 and is referenced to NAD 83. HF 0551 The geoid height was determined by GEOID 03.

NGS Datasheet - GPS Height Mod • • • • • • • 1 National Geodetic Survey, Retrieval Date = APRIL 30, 2008 HF 1492 ************************************ HF 1492 CBN - This is a Cooperative Base Network Control Station. HF 1492 DESIGNATION - WICHITA CBL 0 HF 1492 PID - HF 1492 STATE/COUNTY- KS/SEDGWICK HF 1492 USGS QUAD - DERBY (1982) HF 1492 *CURRENT SURVEY CONTROL HF 1492 __________________________________ HF 1492* NAD 83(2007)- 37 34 03. 82210(N) 097 18 55. 14283(W) ADJUSTED HF 1492* NAVD 88 385. 7 (meters) 1265. (feet) GPS OBS HF 1492 __________________________________ HF 1492 EPOCH DATE 2002. 00 HF 1492 X -644, 557. 097 (meters) COMP HF 1492 Y - -5, 020, 904. 766 (meters) COMP HF 1492 Z 3, 867, 742. 688 (meters) COMP HF 1492 LAPLACE CORR-0. 61 (seconds) DEFLEC 99 HF 1492 ELLIP HEIGHT 356. 976 (meters) (02/10/07) ADJUSTED HF 1492 GEOID HEIGHT-28. 76 (meters) GEOID 03 HF 1492 … HF 1492 The orthometric height was determined by GPS observations and a HF 1492 high-resolution geoid model. HF 1492. The X, Y, and Z were computed from the position and the ellipsoidal ht. HF 1492

Height Mod GPS Datasheet • • • • • • • 1 National Geodetic Survey, Retrieval Date = JANUARY 4, 2008 DH 5603 ************************************ DH 5603 HT_MOD - This is a Height Modernization Survey Station. DH 5603 DESIGNATION - ALTO S GPS DH 5603 PID - DH 5603 STATE/COUNTY- WI/FOND DU LAC DH 5603 USGS QUAD - BRANDON (1980) DH 5603 *CURRENT SURVEY CONTROL DH 5603 __________________________________ DH 5603* NAD 83(2007)- 43 38 45. 90850(N) 088 49 31. 20449(W) ADJUSTED DH 5603* NAVD 88 283. 45 (meters) 930. 0 (feet) GPS OBS DH 5603 __________________________________ DH 5603 EPOCH DATE 2002. 00 DH 5603 X 94, 770. 713 (meters) COMP DH 5603 Y - -4, 621, 912. 764 (meters) COMP DH 5603 Z 4, 379, 891. 970 (meters) COMP DH 5603 … DH 5603 The orthometric height was determined by GPS observations and a DH 5603 high-resolution geoid model using precise GPS observation and DH 5603 processing techniques. DH 5603. The X, Y, and Z were computed from the position and the ellipsoidal ht. DH 5603

Published Height Modernization Stations

Models and Tools • Modeling – atmospheric, 1 -cm geoid • Development of software, tools • Software, Online Tool Kit • OPUS “Variety Pack” • Field tools – PGM, Digital Level Tool • VDatum • Guidelines for use of new technologies and processes like remote sensing, real time

Guidelines Available “On-Line” at the NGS Web Site: www. ngs. noaa. gov/PUBS_LIB/pub_index. html

Level Tool under development at TAMUCC

Outside Capacity Building • State Geodetic Advisor Program • Forums, workshops • Conferences • Publications, web site • Training, capacity building

www. ngs. noaa. gov/heightmod

Education – Seminars, Workshops, Forums Michigan Leveling – Spokane, 2006 Washington

Training center in Corbin, VA www. ngs. noaa. gov/corbin/index. shtml

Accomplishments – Building Partnerships - State Agencies- NCGS, SCGS, Wi. DOT, ALDOR, WADNR, AZSLD - Spatial Reference Centers – CA, LA, WA, TX, AZ - Universities– Scripps, LSU, USM, TAMUCC, NCA&T, Morehead State - NOAA and other Federal Agencies – USACE, USGS, FEMA

www. ncfloodmaps. com Results of partnerships Link to Digital Flood Maps …

Results of partnerships FEMA – Map Modernization, Post. Katrina recovery project

• Role of NGS: Program Management • Congressional briefings • Budget, grants management • Coordination – Partners, SRCs • Role of NGS: Project Leadership • Support program growth - develop long range plan • Support advance of science • Support NOAA’s Mission – shoreline, weather, climate change

A National Program • Needs don’t stop at state boundaries • States within a region work in concert to support common issues/goals • More efficient use of funds, people • Encourages partnerships • Congress more likely to continue funding for programs that impact a larger area/group of constituents; commitment to program on part of users

Height Modernization Regions

Height Mod Objectives • Consistent, accurate vertical AND horizontal control network – Rebuild decimated network – New network is GPS-able – Reduces survey costs by providing denser control • Build capacity in the surveying community to perform the surveys and properly use the data • Provide data to build better models (DEMs, geoid, storm surge) and products (FIRMs) • Provide access to NSRS to enable expansion of applications, like RTK, GIS

Questions Contact information Renee Shields Height Modernization Manager N/NGS 1, SSMC 3, Room 9357 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 301 -713 -3231, x 116 Renee. Shields@noaa. gov