NOAA Satellite and Information Service GOES OVERVIEW Cindy

NOAA Satellite and Information Service GOES OVERVIEW Cindy Hampton Office of Satellite and Product Operations Chief, Engineering Branch

Agenda • • • GOES Mission Services Scan Operations Spacecraft Status GOES West Transition

GOES Mission For the protection and enhancement of the Nation’s economy, security, environment, and quality of life. . . Warnings to U. S. Public -- Detect, track and characterize Hurricanes Severe storms and winter cyclones Flash flood producing weather systems Imagery for weather forecasting Derived products for analysis and forecasting Surface temperatures (sea and land), Winds for aviation and NWS numerical models, Soundings and radiances for NWS models Atmospheric Stability, Lifted indices, precipital water, soundings, air quality, rainfall estimates Environmental data collection – platforms including buoys, rain gauges, river levels, ecosystem monitoring Space weather monitoring and forecasting Search and Rescue

GOES On-Orbit Configuration • 2 operational satellite configuration – GOES-11 East - 75°W longitude – GOES-13 West – 135°W longitude • Maintain at least 1 on-orbit spare – Configured in sun-pointed “storage mode” with instruments off – Can be activated ~ 48 -72 hours time – GOES-15 Support Space Weather – GOES-14 in Storage • 60° 40° 20° 140 E 180 100 W 60 W 20 E 20° 40° Useful Camera Coverage 60° Communicatio n Range Currently operating GOES-12 for South America GOES-West Full Disk 140 W GOES (135 West) GOES (75 West) GOES-East Full Disk Sounder Raw Data 40 kbps, advanced data rate 720 kbps, 1, 676 MHz Imager Raw Data 2. 6208 Mbps, advanced data rate 2. 934 Mbps, 1, 676 MHz Processed Data 2. 111 Mbps 1, 685. 7 MHz, downlink, advanced data rate 2. 374 Mbps Processed Data 2. 111 Mbps 2, 027. 7 MHz, uplink Processed Data Other Data and Service Users World Weather Building Seven Satellite Field Service Stations Satellite Operations Control Center Suitland, MD Command Data Acquisition Station Wallops Island, VA

GOES Spacecraft Overview GOES I-M Series: Built by Space Systems / Loral in Palo Alto, CA Based on Loral 1300 bus series Design Life: 5 yrs GOES N-P Series: Built by Boeing Satellite Systems in El Segundo, CA Based on Boeing 601 series Design Life: 10 yrs (bus)

GOES-13, 14 and 15 GOES-13/14/15 have similar instruments to GOES-812, but on a different spacecraft bus. Spring and fall eclipse outages will be avoided by larger onboard batteries. GOES-11/12 Improved navigation Improved radiometrics GOES-13/14/15 6

GOES Services • GOES Variable Format Data (GVAR) – Transmits full resolution Imager and Sounder meteorological data to western hemisphere – Includes telemetry, calibration data, text messages, spacecraft navigation data

GOES Services Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN): § Specialized instruments on NOAA satellites relay critical information to users across the country. Emergency Managers can obtain weather information in near real time from a variety of sources, including the National Weather Service. Low Resolution Image Transmission (LRIT): § NOAA satellites are used to relay satellite and weather products. These products are broadcast via a radio signal that can be received by users in remote locations, that do not have landlines or internet connections. 8

GOES Services • Data Collection System – Provides near real-time relay of information from over 19, 000 data collection platforms located in remote areas – Platforms consist of oceanographic buoys, balloons, and weather stations – Used to collect data on seismic events, ocean currents, tsunami detection, forest fires, river flow rate, and floods.

Search and Rescue: GOES Services § NOAA satellites are used to relay distress alerts from aviators, mariners and land-based users § Approximately 250 persons are rescued in the United States annually § Partnership between NASA, NOAA, USAF and USCG § 38 countries participate in program internationally

GOES Services Status Spacecraft LRIT EMWIN SARSAT GOES-11 Operational Operational GOES-13 Operational Operational GOES-14 Standby Standby GOES-15 Standby Standby Central & South Americas GOES-12 V 1 Sep 2010 Standby Operational Standby DCS GVAR 11

GOES Services • Space Environment Monitoring – X-Ray Sensor (XRS): provides primary measure of solar x-ray flux and flare magnitude – Extreme Ultra-Violet Sensor (EUV) – measures solar extreme ultra-violet flux, which is primary energy input to the upper atmosphere and ionosphere – Energetic Particle Sensor (EPS) and High Energy Proton and Alpha Particle Detector (HEPAD) detect energetic electron and protons – Magnetometer measures Earth’s magnetic field components • Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI) – Monitors solar disk activity, including solar flares, coronal holes, and coronal mass ejections. – Data is used to issue space weather forecasts and alerts

GOES Scan Strategy GOES East GOES West Routine Rapid Super Rapid 15 min CONUS coverage 1 min SRSO coverage Sounder

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Operations Status Payload Instrument GOES-11 GOES-12 GOES-13 (West) (S. American) (East) Launch: May 00 Activation: Jun 06 Launch: Jul 01 Activation: Apr 03 Launch: May 06 Activation: Apr 10 GOES-14 GOES-15 (Storage) (Standby) Launch: Jun 09 Launch: Mar 10 Operational Imager G G G Sounder G Y G G Y Energetic Particle Sensor (EPS) G Y G G Y Magnetometers G G G High Energy Proton and Alpha Detector (HEPAD) G G G X-Ray Sensor (XRS) R R R G G N/A R Y G S/C G G Attitude and Orbit Control G G G Inclination Control G R G G G Propulsion G Y S/C G G Mechanisms G G G Electrical Power Y G G Thermal Control G G G S/C Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI) Spacecraft Subsystems Telemetry, Command & Control Communications Payloads Slide 14 Key G Spacecraft issues but no user impacts S/C Operational with limitations Y Non-operational R Not Applicable N/A

GOES-11(L) Status Launch Date: May 3, 2000 Orbital Location: 135°W longitude Designation: Operational West XRS: X-ray Positioner electronics failed. XRS cannot track Sun – 10 Feb 2008 Power: Reduced battery 1 capacity. Services may be turned off during eclipse periods COMM: Primary Sensor Data transmitter failed. Switched to redundant transmitter - 16 May 2006

GOES-13 (N) Status Launch Date: May 24, 2006 Orbital Location: 75°W longitude Designation: Operation East SXI: Solar X-Ray Imager CCD detector partial damage during X 9 solar flare – 5 Dec 2006 New on-board software loaded for protection against large flares. Propulsion: N 2 thruster anomalous thrust level. Thruster use restricted. XRS: A capacitor short. Does not detect flares

GOES-14 (O) Status Launch Date: June 27, 2009 Orbital Location: 105°W longitude Designation: Storage Mode No Spacecraft or Instrument Issues

GOES-15 (P) Status Launch Date: March 4, 2010 Orbital Location: 89. 5°W longitude Designation: Standby – Space Environment Operational Sounder: Patch Temperature Control problems due to blanket issue – Yaw Flip at Equinox to control temperature. User impact - data outage during recovery from maneuver SEM: MAGED Telescope 7 channel is noisy EMWIN: S-Band Receiver 1 failed SXI: Power on failure at initial turn on. Now that it is working, there are no plans to turn off.

GOES-12(M) Status Launch Date: July 23, 2001 Orbital Location: 60°W longitude Designation: South America Sounder: Filter Wheel Motor Problems Dec 2009 EPS: Energetic Particle Sensor channels noisy XRS: X-ray positioner electronics failed and cannot track Sun. SXI: Solar X-Ray Imager high voltage power supply failed Propulsion: Thruster 2 B oxidizer valve leak. “B” side thrusters isolated. Imager: Periodic Cycle Slips

GOES STRAY LIGHT CORRECTION • GOES-13/14/15 imagers and sounders are capable of scanning the sun without health and safety issues. • Intolerable Sun intrusion causes NOAA to cancel images within 6 of sun, equivalent to 6 days of imaging. • NOAA and ITT Industries have characterized the effect of the Sun intrusion and developed a ground correction algorithm to claim >95% of o lost images and improve images up to 20 of the Sun. • The ground system algorithm consists of two parts: o • Subtracting the known amount of stray light from the signal outside 6°. • Using the longer wavelength signal in combination with 3. 9 -um signal to estimate a truer 3. 9 -um signal in areas where the sun is within 6° of the pixel and the stray light effect is overwhelming. Please visit poster “GOES Imager Stray Light Correction” for more information Corrected 3. 9 um Image

GOES-West Transition • GOES-West Transition to occur December 2011 • PLAN: – GOES-14 will replace GOES-11 – GOES-14 taken out of storage before fall eclipse season for yearly inclination maneuver and imager testing – Start drift to 135 Deg W - October 2011

Scott Bachmeier “ 4 km” “water vapor” Imager “ 22

Improved spatial resolution of GOES-15 Imager band 6 The 13. 3 um band 6 of the GOES-13 (top panel) has an 8 km IGFOV (Instantaneous Geometric Field of View); while the same band on the GOES-15 (lower panel) has a 4 km 23 IGFOV. Note the finer resolution of the cloud edges and the ‘cleaner’ image.

More Information http: //www. oso. noaa. gov/goesstatus/ For GOES-14/15 Science Test Information: http: //cimss. ssec. wisc. edu/goes/blog/archives/3054 http: //rammb. cira. colostate. edu/projects/goes-o/ Don Hillger and Tim Schmit co-lead the GOES-14/15 NOAA science testing. Hyre Bysal OSPO and Tim Schmit STAR on Stray Light Testing