NOAA NGA Synergy Stephen Malys Senior Scientist for

NOAA – NGA Synergy Stephen Malys Senior Scientist for Geodesy and Geophysics National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency NOAA Hydrographic Services Review Panel Federal Advisory Committee Meeting Thursday, September 17, 2015 Approved for public release, 15 -665

Outline • Longstanding Broad Working Relationship – Nautical Charts – Complementary Geodetic missions • Recent Arctic Activities and Interests • Summary of Recommendations Approved for public release, 15 -665 2

Complementary Nautical Charts • NGA and NOAA have a long standing collaboration on Nautical Charts • NOAA’s ROI: U. S. coasts and territory coasts • NGA’s ROI: international waters • NGA uses NOAA publications for reference • NGA and NOAA charts maintain uniformity – Similar symbology standards – Both use the NOAA compass rose application • Recommendation for NGA is to migrate to ENC format as Navy resources permit Coast Pilot 7 Approved for public release, 15 -665 NGA SNC 1 NOAA SNC 3 DNC Portal 2 Compass Rose 4 U. S. Chart No. 16 Sailing Directions 5 3

Coordination and Cooperation on International Hydrographic Issues • NGA and NOAA coordinate their input to International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) • NGA and NOAA support: – IHO Data Centre for Digital Bathymetry (DCDB) – GEBCO – Crowdsourcing effort – International standard development – Recommend that NGA and NOAA jointly deal with policy issues that arise from crowdsourcing in international waters GEBCO 2014 grid 8 • Data are used for many applications – Interagency Coordination: “Map once, use many times”* Approved for public release, 15 -665 Trackline Surveys 9 IBCAO 10 4

NOAA-NGA Common Geospatial Interests (1) • National Centers for Environmental Information – World Magnetic Model, 5 -year update cycle and ‘Enhanced Magnetic Model’ • National Geodetic Survey – Corbin, VA test facility - LIDAR and other technology assessments – Coordination on the Global Terrestrial Reference Frame § NGS Plans for updates to NAD 83, NAVD 88 in 2022 – Geocentric Reference Frame Including Velocities, Plate motion § Improved interoperability with GPS Operational Ref Frame (WGS 84) and foreign GNSS § Joint (NGA & NGS) Geodetic Coordination on UN International Committee on GNSS (ICG) Approved for public release, 15 -665 5

Goals for a Future ITRF • 2010 National Research Council Study*: ‘The ITRF must 22 mm ~1 inch be both accurate and accessible at the 1 -millimeter level, with a stability of 0. 1 millimeters per year. ’ 19 mm WGS 84 Today (1 cm) ITRF Goal (1 mm) ITRF 2008 (~5 -8 mm) To get better (by 2030? ), measurement and modeling of geocenter motion becomes necessary • Some examples of surface mass transport causing geocenter motion • Snow and water changes over continents • Melting glaciers, ground water changes • Annual hemispheric water mass exchange in oceans • N. hemisphere has more mass in N. winter) • Polar ice sheet variations *Precise Geodetic Infrastructure, National Requirements for a Shared Resource, National Research Council of the National Academies, The National Academy Press, 2010 Approved for public release, 15 -665 6

Common Interests in the Geoid as a Vertical Reference Surface EGM 2008 USGG 2012 over Alaska 14 Approved for public release, 15 -665 USGG 2012 Alaska Geoid 7

NOAA-NGA Common Geospatial Interests (2) • NGS developing a Geopotential (geoid-based) vertical datum • Collection and processing new Airborne Gravity data – Project: GRAV-D – Area of highest interest for NGA: § Alaska, uncovered arctic areas § Supports improved reference surface for DEMs • Recommendation: Jointly study possible benefits from an improved geoid over and around Alaska – Reference surface for regional Dynamic Ocean Topography – Reference surface for land elevations (DEMs) Approved for public release, 15 -665 8

Arctic Gravity Project Milestone in 2008 Approved for public release, 15 -665 9

Ref 2 Sept POTUS remarks on NGA & NSF collaboration 10

UNCLASSIFIED For the GLACIER Conference, NOAA presented Hydrographic Risk and NGA supported with new maps and access to NGA data holdings * *Indicates NOAA Source Information 12 Map: www. NGA. mil: Arctic Support 11

Additional Polar Issues • Review coastal information in the Arctic Ocean • Prioritize bathymetry collection in the Arctic and Southern Oceans • Consider the possibility of broader scope of crowdsourced (VGI) data NIC Sea Ice 11 – Leverage the NOAA data accumulation system currently used for crowdsourced bathymetry to acquire geophysical data – Supports southern ocean measurements & modeling improvements • Better understand NOAA’s mission in Antarctica Approved for public release, 15 -665 12

Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) • GPS Enables countless Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) applications • The NGS CORS network can provide a nationwide Near. Real-Time capability to detect signal interference • Feasibility already demonstrated (2010) • Can be extended to Multi. GNSS • Can be extended to other regions Recommendation: Implement GPS interference detection using CORS Approved for public release, 15 -665 13

Summary of Recommendations • Continue close engagement on the international governance front for Safety of Navigation and broader ocean data issues. – Continue to encourage broader access to data based on the U. S. Open Data Policy – Expand support for the bathymetric data crowdsourcing effort and for satellite-derived bathymetry of coastal regions • Increase bathymetric surveys in the polar regions • Improve geophysical data collection in the Southern Ocean – Examine VGI and NOAA role • Jointly study possible benefits from an improved geoid over and around Alaska • Advance the development of the CORS network as a GPS interference detection system Approved for public release, 15 -665 14

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Additional Information 1 Panama Canal DNC: http: //cdn. shopify. com/s/files/1/0090/5072/products/nga_chart_21604. jpg? v=1319900132 2 Panama canal website screen grab: http: //www. nauticalchartsonline. com/charts/NGA/Central-South-America 3 NOAA ENC for Key West/Gulf Coast: PDF http: //www. charts. noaa. gov/PDFs/11006. pdf 4 NOAA compass rose: http: //www. nauticalcharts. noaa. gov/mcd/learnnc_rose. html 5 NGA 6 U. S. Sailing direction: http: //msi. nga. mil/MSISite. Content/Static. Files/Images/SDLIMITS. jpg Chart No. 1: http: //www. nauticalcharts. noaa. gov/mcd/chart 1/Chart. No 1. pdf 7 NOAA Coast Pilot: http: //www. nauticalcharts. noaa. gov/nsd/coastpilot_w. php? book=1 8 GEBCO World Map: Weatherall P, KM Marks, M Jakobsson, T Schmitt, S Tani, JE Arndt, M Rovere, D Chayes, V Ferrinim, R Wigley (2015). A New Digital Bathymetric Model of the World’s Oceans, Accepted doi: 10. 1002/2015 EA 000107 9 Single-Beam (Trackline) Bathymetric Surveys: http: //www. ngdc. noaa. gov/iho/#uses 10 International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO): http: //www. ngdc. noaa. gov/iho/#uses 11 Sea 12 Ice Charts: http: //www. natice. noaa. gov/Main_Products. htm Map: www. NGA. mil: Arctic Support http: //nga. maps. arcgis. com/apps/Public. Gallery/index. html? appid=dc 06 e 1570 de 14885 bb 6 c 7 adbaa 5 bfec 5 13 CORS 14 Map Source: Map source: http: //www. gps. gov/cgsic/meetings/2014/sella. pdf USGG 2012 Alaska Geoid http: //www. ngs. noaa. gov/GEOID/USGG 2012_AK. shtml 16

Expected GRAV-D airborne gravity coverage by 2022 Alaska “CONUS” Guam / Northern Marianas Hawaii GRAV-D Planned Coverage Puerto Rico / Virgin Islands March 5, 2015 American Samoa 17