Nixons Foreign Policy The Middle East Ch 31

Nixon’s Foreign Policy: The Middle East Ch. 31 Sec. 1 Pp. 899 -900

The Middle East • Nixon wanted to keep world stability without being involved in regional disputes • Did not want another Vietnam • U. S. would help, but not take responsibility for their future Nixon and Sadat in Cairo

Arab-Israeli Tensions • Israel and Arabs fought in 1948, 1956, and 1967 • Israel gained West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, and Sinai Peninsula • Arab refugees increased • Thousands of Palestinians now live in Israeli-held territory

Yom Kippur War • Oct. 1973 – Egypt and Syria attacked Israel on a major holiday • U. S. pressured Israel into a cease-fire • Arab nations imposed an embargo (ban on all shipments) of oil to U. S.

Shuttle Diplomacy Rabin and Kissinger • Nixon sent Kissinger to negotiate between the Arabs and Israelis • Shuttle diplomacy – traveling back and forth between capitals • 1974 – Golda Meir and Anwar el-Sadat reached agreements • Persuaded Arab nations to end oil embargo • Improved relations with Egypt with promise of foreign aid

Latin America • Wanted to prevent the spread of communism • Allende elected president of Chile. He was a follower of Marx (communism), so the U. S. protested • CIA backed small group of Chilean military leaders under Gen. Pinochet and they overthrew the government and set up a dictatorship Allende Pinochet