Nitrifying Bacteria For In example Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter

Nitrifying Bacteria � For � In example; Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter nature, there is no chemolitotroph that converts NH 3 to NO 3 in one step.

Two groups of bacteria carry out this event sequentially. � Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (oxidizes NH 3 to NO 2) � Ammonia monoxygenase � Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (oxidizes NO 2 to NO 3) � Nitrite oxidoreductase �

� There also "anammox" bacteria. These oxidize ammonia in an anoxygenic environment.

Sulfur and Iron Oxidizing Bacteria � For example; Thiobacillus, Acidithiobacillus, � Achromatium, Beggiatoa

� Sulfur oxidizing bacteria are divided into two large ecological groups: � Those who live at neutral p. H and those who live at acidic p. H.

H 2 Oxidizing Bacteria � For example; Ralstonia, Paracoccus � These bacteria reduce oxygen by using hydrogen as a single electron donor.

� The key enzyme in hydrogen oxidizing bacteria is hydrogenases. � These enzymes are sensitive to oxygen and their cofactor is Nickel.

� Some hydrogen bacteria can use carbon monoxide (CO) as an electron donor and grow aerobically. � CO-oxidizing bacteria are called carboxydotrophic bacteria

Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs � For example; Methylomonas, Methylobacter � Methane (CH 4) is abundant in nature. Methane, produced by methanogenic Archaea in oxygen-free environments, is the most important gas found in oxygen-free mud and marshes, oxygen-free zones of lakes, rumen of ruminant animals and the digestive system of mammals. � Methane is also the main component of “natural gas” and is found in many coal structures.