NIKAM N D M Sc NET DEPARTMENT OF

NIKAM N. D. M. Sc. NET DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 • commercially important raw material

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 • commercially important raw material • more sulfuric acid made than any other compound

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 • commercially important raw material • more sulfuric acid made than any other compound • fertilisers, paints and pigments, detergents, car batteries, laboratory acid

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 • manufacture • properties • uses

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 H 2 O Air Sulfur • manufacture • properties • uses

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 H 2 O Air Sulfur • manufacture Step 1: Formation of SO 2 either or S 2 Zn. S + O 2 SO 2 + 3 O 2 2 SO 2 + 2 Zn. O

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 H 2 O Air Sulfur • manufacture Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + O 2 2 SO 3 exothermic

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 H 2 O Air Sulfur • manufacture Step 3: Formation of Oleum SO 3 + H 2 SO 4 H 2 S 2 O 7 {the direct combination of SO 3 with water is too exothermic and forms a fine mist of acid}

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 H 2 O Air Sulfur • manufacture Step 4: Dilution of Oleum H 2 O + H 2 S 2 O 7 2 H 2 SO 4 the oleum is diluted to give the desired concentration of sulphuric acid

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 H 2 O Air Sulfur • manufacture Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + O 2 2 SO 3 exothermic Let’s look at this equilibrium more closely….

Sulfuric Acid Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + Factors: O 2 • Catalyst • Temperature • Pressure 2 SO 3 exothermic

Sulfuric Acid Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + Factors: O 2 2 SO 3 exothermic • Catalyst V 2 O 5 • Temperature • Pressure

Sulfuric Acid Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + Factors: O 2 2 SO 3 exothermic • Catalyst V 2 O 5 • Temperature 450 o. C • Pressure

Sulfuric Acid Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + Factors: O 2 2 SO 3 exothermic • Catalyst V 2 O 5 • Temperature 450 o. C • Pressure 1 -2 atmospheres ***These are compromise conditions***

Sulfuric Acid Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + Factors: O 2 2 SO 3 exothermic • Catalyst V 2 O 5 • The catalyst works best as the temperature increases • Provides an alternative path with a lower Eact • Speeds up time taken to achieve equilibrium • Several catalyst beds used to achieve high yield ***These are compromise conditions***

Sulfuric Acid Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + Factors: O 2 2 SO 3 exothermic • Temperature 450 o. C • The yield of SO 3 increases as T is decreased However • Catalyst does not work if T is too low • Rate of attainment of equilibrium is slow if T is too low ***These are compromise conditions***

Sulfuric Acid Step 2: Formation of SO 3 the Contact Process 2 SO 2 + Factors: O 2 2 SO 3 exothermic • Pressure 1 -2 atmospheres • The yield of SO 3 increases as P is increased • High pressure is costly £££ ***These are compromise conditions***

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 • manufacture • properties • uses

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 • manufacture Viscous liquid • properties • uses Dehydrating agent

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 • manufacture Viscous liquid • properties • uses Dehydrating agent Conc H 2 SO 4 will dehydrated copper sulphate and carbohydrates

Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 Describe briefly what you observe when the following are treated with concentrated sulphuric acid. • sugar (a carbohydrate) • blue copper sulphate crystals