NIGHT BY ELIE WIESEL REVIEW 1 Describe Moshe

NIGHT BY ELIE WIESEL REVIEW

#1. Describe Moshe the Beadle. Explain his relationship with the Jews of Sighet, particularly Eliezer. • Moshe chooses to live in poverty, doing odd jobs so that most of his time can be spent devoted to religious study. • Eliezer wants to study Jewish mysticism (against his father’s wishes). • Moshe becomes Eliezer’s respected teacher and role model.

#2. How does deportation change Moshe? How do others’ feeling toward him change? • All foreign born Jews are deported, including Moshe. • Moshe returns and tells the story of mass execution by the Nazis. • Moshe escapes and is a changed man; a man without faith or joy. • He warns the townspeople, but they refuse to believe him. • Even Eliezer doubts him and feels pity on his old teacher who people believe has gone mad.

#3. Why are the spirits among the Jews of Sighet relatively high at the beginning of Night. • The war has not yet touched them directly. • They feel their remote village is insignificant to the Nazis. • The end of the war is in sight, and the Jews of Sighet are optimistic that the Russian army will liberate them.

#4. Describe the life in the Sighettos. • There are two ghettos in Sighet. • All Jews must live in one and wear a gold star. • The Jews soon feel a false sense of autonomy in the ghettos as they set up councils to handle health care, communication with captures, law enforcement and sanitation. • The Jews hope that they will live out the rest of the war in this fashion.

#5. Explain the opportunities for escape that the Wiesels miss before evacuation. • Before the Nazis occupy Sighet, Eliezer urges his father to sell his shop and move to Palestine. His father refuses; he feels he is too old to start over in a new place. • The Weisels' former servant, Martha, begs the family to live with her; the elder Wiesel is too proud to accept. • Shortly before the evacuation of the ghetto, someone knocks on the Wiesels window, but is gone before anyone can answer. Eliezer later finds out that the police inspector was trying to warn his family to flee.

#6. Describe the ghetto evacuation and journey to Auschwitz. • The Hungarian police mercilessly beat the Jews during the evacuation. • The Jews are forced to sit or stand long hours in sweltering heat without food or drink. • Jews are packed 80 to a cattle car; they can barely breathe, let alone sit or stand. • The journey takes several days and nights. Madame Schachter screams about an all consuming fire that is invisible to the rest of the passengers.

#7. Identify the first signs of the ability of humans to act inhuman under tremendous stress. • The deportees are sympathetic toward Madame Schachter when she begins her decent into madness, but as her hysteria increases, some become less tolerant of her. They beat her into submission.

#8. Interpret the significance of Madame Schachter’s insane warnings. • Madame Schachter’s cries were prophetic. • Upon arriving at Auschwitz the deportees are shaken by the sight of the black smoke from the gigantic chimney. • They are seeing the crematory, and its purpose becomes the central source of horror throughout their time in the camps.

#9. Describe the first selection. • Selection is the process by which it is decided which prisoners will live as laborers and which will feed the crematory. • Selections are conducted quickly and dispassionately. • First, men and women are segregated. • Groups march toward the infamous Dr. Mengele; he questions them about age, health, and occupation. • The questions are cursory and the decisions are random.

#10. How do Eliezer and his father survive the first selection? • Eliezer and his father lie to save their lives. • While marching toward Mengele, another prisoner asks their ages and corrects their reply; “Eighteen and forty” he orders. • If the two were truthful, they would be too young and too old for labor. • Eliezer quickly lies about his occupation calling himself a farmer. A student may be considered useless.

#11. Explain the purpose of Birkenau. • Birkenau is euphemistically described as the “reception center” for Auschwitz, the death camp where Jews and others are slaughtered and burned. • The prisoners are selected for either labor or death at Birkenau.

#12. What ultimately causes the dramatic change in Eliezer’s religious faith at Birkenau? • Being subjected to one atrocity after another takes its toll physically, emotionally, and spiritually. • But, it is the ditch filled with babies that forever shakes Eliezer’s steadfast faith in God. • Eliezer never questions God’s existence, but he condemns a God that permits such atrocities.

#13. Describe Eliezer’s plan if he is selected for death at Birkenau. • Eliezer sees a second ditch and it seems that he is being directed toward it. • Deciding that he wishes to be the master of his own fate he quickly plans to break ranks and throw himself against the electrified fence. • He offers a final prayer. • Two steps before the ditch, the prisoners are herded into the barracks instead.

#14. Describe the prisoners’ indoctrination into concentration camp life. • The prisoners are quickly stripped of independence and individuality and are left naked and vulnerable as their captors examine them. • Kept awake through the first cold night, broken, sickened, and weeping, prisoners are forced to run for what seems like an eternity the next day. • They are dosed with disinfectant, showered and dressed in illfitting prison garb. • Eliezer’s father receives a savage beating for asking to go to the bathroom; even Eliezer does nothing to help his father. • They are to work and if their work is not satisfactory they will die.

#15. How does the prisoners’ indoctrination benefit the Nazis? • The prisoners offer total submission to their captors. • They lose the independent will to object to their treatment, and they are willing to turn on other prisoners to save themselves. • In using prisoners to maintain order, the Nazis are able to easily control large groups of people.

#16. For the most part humanity was lost in the camps. Note acts of kindness and signs of hope in the midst of the horror. • An unidentified prisoner advises Eliezer and his father on the ages they must reply to survive the selection. • Many prisoners cling to hope and humanity through religion. They are able to accept the existence of the camps by rationalizing that God is testing them. • Often the prisoners in charge are as brutal as their captors. The Polish block leader is an exception; he offers kind words and emphasizes that prisoners must not lose their faith or abandon each other. • Eliezer lies to a relative who asks him about his wife and children. Eliezer gives the man the last happiness he ever knows by saying that he has not heard from them.

#17. What is Buna? What does Eliezer do there? • Buna is a labor camp and the two Wiesels are selected for labor. • Upon leaving Auschwitz the prisoners march for hours to Buna. • With so many Germans fighting in the war the workforce has been depleted; the workforce is supplemented with prisoners, and Eliezer works at a warehouse with civilians.

#18. What does the hanging of the child who looks like a sad angel symbolize for Eliezer? • As the child dies, one of the prisoners asks, “Where is God? ” At that moment the child, who is silently suffering a prolonged, agonizing, public death on the gallows, symbolizes God to Eliezer.

#19. Describe the Kapos. • Kapos are prison officials in charge of the work crews. • They are characterized as being brutal, sadistic, and having enough power to be corrupt.

#20. What is ironic about the prisoners’ feelings about air raids? • The prisoners realize that a single bomb could kill hundreds of prisoners, but they welcome the bombs joyfully. • Periodic air raids mean that the war is moving closer to the camp, and when the front line reaches the camp the surviving prisoners will be liberated. • One air raid lasts an hour and Eliezer wished it would last one hundred hours. Prisoners cheerfully clear away the ruins of the raid.

#21. Explain the prisoner’s attitude toward death. • Upon facing the possible death by Allied bombs Eliezer says, “…we were no longer afraid of death, at any rate, not of that death. ” • A death that would also bring about the death of their captors is not frightening after what they endured.

#22. Describe Eliezer’s feelings as the prisoners observe the Jewish New Year. • Eliezer’s anger towards God deepens. • Eliezer admonished God for tormenting the other prisoners’ minds with his continued presence. • Eliezer accuses God of active responsibility for torturing the Jews. • Eliezer’s rebellion against God leaves a profound void in his heart.

#23. How do the prisoner’s in Eliezer’s block survive the New Year’s selection? • The prisoners run about in preparation for the display to get some color in their flesh. • They run past Mengele to create an illusion of strength and to prevent Mengele from being able to note their identification numbers.

#24. Describe the exchange of possessions between father and son when it appears that father has been selected for death. • Father gives Eliezer his only belongings: a knife and a spoon. • Eliezer’s father believes that this will be his final good-bye to his son. • Eliezer tries to refuse them, but his father insists, and Eliezer takes his “inheritance. ”

#25. Why is Eliezer admitted to the camp hospital? What dangers face him there? • Eliezer’s foot becomes painfully swollen during the January cold. • The doctor says the he needs an operation. Another patient warns him that being hospitalized makes one prime target for selection. • Faced with possible amputation if the foot is not cured, he accepts the danger of the hospital. • The operation is done without anesthetic. He learns that his foot will heal, but he must recover for two weeks, making him vulnerable to the next selection.

#26. Discuss and evaluate Eliezer’s decision to leave the hospital early. • Two days after the operation, rumors spread that the Russian army is on its way to liberate Buna. • The prisoners learn that they will be marched from the camp. • Eliezer leaves the hospital to find his father. • They must choose either: Eliezer leaving the hospital and joining the father in the march, or his father joining Eliezer in the hospital. They choose the march believing that the Nazis will surely kill any prisoners left behind.

#27. What keeps Eliezer going through the brutal march? • The realization that his death would leave his father alone helps Eliezer summon the strength to continue. • The two Wiesels take turns inspiring each other to continue.

#28. How does the realization that the Rabbi Eliahou’s son purposely abandoned the Rabbi affect Eliezer? • Eliezer prays that he should not do the same to his father. • It is difficult for Eliezer to fight the feelings that his own chances for survival would increase without his father to support. • Speaking with the abandoned Rabbi helps refocus Eliezer’s commitment to his father.

#29. How does Eliezer save his father from the selection at Gleiwitz? Interpret what this reveals about Eliezer’s continued commitment to his father. • As the elder Wiesel is sent to the left with the obviously weak, Eliezer creates a confusion that allows him to bring his father back to the right. • Since the Nazis are pressed for time because of the approaching Russian army, the selection process breaks down. • Many prisoners are killed in the process, but Eliezer and his father survive.

#30. Describe the tragic incident between a a father and son on the train. What might this event reveal about the tragic nature of humanity? • An elderly man’s son lunges at him for a morsel of bread, even as the father tries to share it with him. • The two incite the other hungry prisoners, and after the fight, the father and son are both dead. • If the bond between father and son is broken, then genocide is realized even if the crematory fires are extinguished; they no longer need the fires to kill them; they are destroying each other.

#31. Explain why Eliezer’s father is denied medical care at Buchenwald. • Eliezer’s father suffers from dysentery and will surely die; the doctors see no point in treating him. • Caregivers are no longer willing to “waste” any resources on the dying.

#32. Discuss Eliezer’s feelings of guilt as his father dies. Do you think his feelings are rational? • Eliezer feels intense guilt and blames himself for doing nothing when the guard attacks his father. • Eliezer’s father is gone after their phenomenal struggle, yet Eliezer cannot cry. Worst of all he cannot fight the feeling that he is “…free at last. ” • Eliezer cannot save his father, so his feelings of guilt are irrational.

#33. Describe the events that lead up to the liberation of Buchenwald. • As the front approaches the surviving Jews are ordered to gather in the camp. News spread that they will be executed on the spot. • The camp resistance movement interferes with the execution, and instruction is given to ignore the order. • Five days later the resistance movement stages a rebellion , freeing the prisoners shortly before liberation by the American army.

#34. What do the liberated prisoners do first? • The prisoners eat. • “Our first act as free men was to throw ourselves onto the provisions. We thought only of that. Not of revenge, not of our families. Nothing but bread. ”

#35. Explain the irony of Eliezer’s nearly fatal illness after liberation. • After surviving the selection, the abuse, and the starvation of the camps, Eliezer nearly dies of food poisoning after liberation. • Ironically, the very sustenance he needs to survive almost kills him when he finally gets it.

#36. Discuss Eliezer’s closing image of himself. • Eliezer has not looked at himself in the mirror since deportation from the ghettos. • When he finally regains enough strength to look at himself in a mirror, he says he sees a corpse. • Physically he is alive, but Eliezer’s spirit has died.