NGSO opportunities and Challenges ITU Regional Radiocommunication Seminar

“NGSO opportunities and Challenges” ITU Regional Radiocommunication Seminar 2020 for Asia And the Pacific (RRS-20 Asia & Pacific) 19 -30 October 2020 Dr. Tony Azzarelli FIET FRSA CEng MBA MSc CEO and Founder Azzurra-Telecom Ltd (UK) Director and Co-Founder of Access Space Alliance Ltd

Summary • • Current NGSO landscape NGSO Licensing Challenges by NGSO Operators Recommendation

Current NGSO Landscape (1) NGSO Systems System Major Shareholder Orbit Height (km) No. Sats Market Offers Kuiper Amazon (USA) LEO Inclined 33/42/53 degrees ~ 650 3236 2023 One. Web Bharti (India), UK Gov’t LEO Polar orbit 1200 ~ 600 2022/23 O 3 b / m. Power SES (Lux) MEO - Equatorial - Inclined ~ 8, 000 ~ 24 Already offering services Starlink Space. X (USA) LEO Inclined 52 degrees ~ 650 4, 400 2021/22 Telesat (Canada) LEO Polar/Inclined 1015/1325 ~ 300 2022/23 (1) Data in the chart above may not be accurate 3

Current NGSO Landscape NGSO Advantages • Low latency 30 -150 ms • High elevation greater than 30 degrees elevation • Smaller Terminals 40 to 100 cm diameter • High Bandwidth 100 to 400 Mbps • Affordable Services TBD 4

Current NGSO Landscape Markets will be covered from 2022/2023 Enterprise Maritime Aviation Government Cellular Backhaul Consumer, Financial Services, Energy and Industry, Agriculture Merchant, Offshore/Rigs, Super Yatchts, Passenger/Leisure, Fishing Commercial, Business Civil Government Non-Gov’t Organizations Macro-cells, Integrated Small-cells 5

NGSO Licensing Several types of license and authorizations may be required n Spectrum Licence o ITU satellite filings o Satellite equipment o Gateways – e. g. , Australia, China, India – Exempted, Class license, Blanket Authorizations – Type Approval – Coordination and License n Service Licence o We work with local service partners to acquire these authorizations o Licensing varies from country to country n IP Network o Depend where the access points lie – it may require a license/authorization n Space Operations o launch and space operations licence 6

Global licensing challenges - fragmented and complex § Satellite operators require regulations that benefit end-users everywhere o § Regulations need to be clear, flexible and low cost The reality is very different and can hurt the countries themselves 7

Current NGSO Landscape Challenges at national level to NGSO systems There is inertia in adopting national regulations for NGSOs. NGSO treated differently than GSO’s National regulations should be the same as GSO’s. The regulatory extension should be quick to adopt. Some countries are protective of national systems. This hurts the provision of connectivity in a country. Inexistent harmonized regulations. Adopt what other countries have done, eg: equipment standards, blanket licences, exemptions. High Fees for licences Long Time for obtaining licences Adopt cost recovery fees and immediate issuing of licences/or exempt altogether. Competition drives connectivity and economic progress. 8

Policy making needs to foster connectivity that benefit users Are Win-Win (win for operator, win for country, win for the citizens) Regulations that foster: n Technology Neutrality and Competition n Light touch Licensing n Higher connectivity and sooner n Free circulation of equipment n Access everywhere n Self declaration of compliance to ETSI standards n Mass market deployment n Cost recovery fee, or no fee approach n Affordable Equipment n Affordable Services n High Quality of Services 9

Additional Information on Azzurra Telecom and ACCESS SPACE ALLIANCE

Azzurra Telecom Ltd - Field of Consultancy Licensing • • Policy Global expertise Strategy development Spectrum, services, space objects Management of local counsels Strategy Technical • • Spectrum Management ITU activities Satellite Filings Compatibility Studies • The big picture • Business friendly • • • Global experience Licensing and spectrum policy Space licensing Responses to consultations Insurance for space objects Government Affairs • Ministerial engagements • Industrial engagements • ITU, ICAO, IMO, EU

ACCESS SPACE ALLIANCE (www. access. space) The ACCESS Space Alliance is a non-profit association for the small satellite sector formed in March 2019. (www. access. space) Mission to promote companies and projects of the small satellite sector by creating an environment that allows space entrepreneurship to thrive and prosper. We represent more than 85 organizations active in the small satellite sector including private sector companies, research facilities, educational institutions and regulatory bodies Offices: United Kingdom, France and Germany CONNECTING Create dialogue and foster collaboration ADVISING Sharing experience and expertise ADVOCATING Promote policies for the benefit of the sector PROMOTING Educate, create awareness and opportunities RESEARCHING Stimulate and coordinate research STANDARDIZING Promote procedures and standards

ACCESS SPACE ALLIANCE (www. access. space) - Hosted 15 webinars April to July 2020: https: //www. youtube. com/channel/UCu-Q 2 DEGg. Ow. Uf. Kn 41 XIr. UWw - Join our Committees: - Free Space Optical Communications Lunar Development Regulatory and Space Law European Policy Small Satellite Applications - Our Website www. access. space - Join the Access Space Alliance – write to tony@access. space

tony@azzurra-telecom. com tony@access. space Mobile +44 (0) 7540 669181