NGOs The Bad Terrorism Terrorism is not Foreign

NGOs: The Bad Terrorism

Terrorism is not Foreign

Terrorism is Not New: King David Hotel 1946

Terrorism Comes from Every Political Ideology Left: ALF Ethno-nationalist Right: Aryan Nation Religious

Aum Shinrikyo Chemical Weapon Attack March 20, 1995 Asahara Shoko

Oklahoma City, April 19, 1995 Timothy Mc. Veigh

World Trade Centers Towers, NYC 9/11/2001

Pentagon 9/11/2001

Defining Terrorism 1. Terrorism is Political: 1. Political agenda 2. Terrorism is strategy: coercion 1. Use of violence to further political agenda 2. To show power; to make an audience listen 3. Terrorism is a weapon of the weak

The “Logic” at Work: Spain 2004 • Spain supports US in Iraq • People’s Party in favor of Spanish intervention • Socialist Worker’s Party wants to withdraw; • AQ warns Spain to leave or face reprisal; • Parliamentary elections on 3/14; • PP favored

Madrid Bombing, March 11, 2004

Terrorist Needs • • $$ Technology Information on targets Ability to access targets – travel Organization Method to publicize message Method to recruit Impact of Globalization?

AQAM Ideology • • Salafists (pure Islam) Anti-American Anti-western Anti-colonial (resistance or defense) End separation of Church and state No pluralism in Islam Anti-nation-state – Rebuild the Caliphate • Anti-Democracy

Origins of AQ

Why is AQ Important? 1. Non-state actor with strategic goals 2. Non-state actor with global power projection 3. Network-based organization 4. Ideology that can spread, but has limits 5. Willingness to challenge great powers – Why attacks powerful nations?

AQ is Clear About Goals (for reference) • 1996 fatwa • 1998 fatwa • Al-Qaeda Training Manual (Manchester Manual) • Bin-Laden videos • Abu Bakr Naji, Osama bin-Laden Ayman al-Zawahiri The Management of Savagery • Militant Ideology Atlas (Combating Terrorism Center)

Strategic Goal: Restore the Caliphate • From al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat, REPORT OF THE U. S. HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE , JUNE 2006

AQI/ISIS Leaders Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

Evolution of ISIS Several groups in Iraq 1999 AQ in Iraq (Joins AQ network) 2004 Islamic State of Iraq (AQ regional franchise) 2006 ISIS 2011 (AQ Franchise) 2011 ISIS Moves to Syria ISIS splits from AQ 2014

Syria 2017

Politics, not Religion • Important: • This does not represent the average Muslim • Timothy Mc. Veigh was not the average Christian • AQ is a far greater threat to Muslims than to Americans • This is a political movement that uses a twisted version of Islam