Next decades Rolf Heuer at Aix Les Bains

Next decades Rolf Heuer at Aix Les Bains 1. 10. 2013 Road beyond Standard Model Similar approach as for HEP @ the FERMI Scale: the Tevatron & Spp. S; HERA; LEPof At energy frontier through synergy LHC results vital to guide the way at the energy frontier Provided excellent insight into the Standard Model at the(LHC, (V)HE-LHC? ) FERMI Scale! hadron - hadron colliders [Top quark, Quark-Gluon dynamics and Proton lepton - hadron colliders (LHe. C ? ? ) structure functions, precision measurements of the lepton ofcolliders Vector- bosons the Weak(LC (ILC or CLIC) ? ) Interaction]

LHe. C options: RR and LR RR LHe. C: new ring in LHC tunnel, with bypasses around existing experiments 100 MW Grid Power Limitation Luminosity - Energy & Tradeoff We chose 60 Ge. V Beam Energy as reference case for comparison in the CDR LR LHe. C: Straight or Recirculating Linac; RCL with Energy Recovery Operation RR LHe. C e-/e+ injector 10 Ge. V, 10 min. filling time LR construction mostly decoupled from LHC operation (except detector and IR) LR design as baseline for studies past CDR ABP Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 2

Design Challenges: Ring-Ring: Maximum beam energy & L are limited by SR radiation power ca. 100 MW for a luminosity of L = 5 1033 cm-2 s-1 @ 60 Ge. V Linac-Ring: Maximum beam energy & L are limited by beam power > 1000 MW for a luminosity of L = 1033 cm-2 s-1 @ 60 Ge. V!!!! Recirculating Linac with Energy Recovery operation!!! Multiple use the SC RF structures (a la CBAF @ JLab) Decelerate the beam after collisions in the same structures to recover the beam energy the SC RF acts as a storage unit for the beam power. The beam is dumped only at low energies and the beam power can be transferred to the next beam passing through the linac! APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 3

LHe. C: Baseline Linac-Ring Option Super Conducting Linac with Energy Recovery & high current (> 6 m. A) Beam Energy [Ge. V] Two 1 km long SC linacs in CW operation -2 s-1 Luminosity reach 1033 cm. PROTONS ELECTRONS 10 (Q > 10 )7000 Beam Energy [Ge. V] 7000 60 60 Luminosity [1033 cm-2 s-1] Luminosity [1016 1034 cm-2 s-1 Luminosity reach 16 Normalized emittance gex, y [mm] Normalized emittance ge 2. 5 x, y [mm] 20 Beta Funtion b*x, y [m] * [m] Beta Funtion b 0. 05 x, y rms Beam size s*x, y [mm] rms Beam size s 4*x, y [mm] 0. 10 4 * [mrad] rms Beam divergence s’ *x, y [mrad] rms Beam divergence s’ 80 40 x, y Relatively large return arcs Beam Current [m. A] 1112 Beam Current [m. A] 25 1 1 70 58 430 (860) 6. 6 requires 3. 75 Cryogenic 50 system comparable 0. 12 to LHC system! 7 7 Bunch Spacing [ns] ca. 9 Bunch Spacing [ns] 25 25 25 (50) km underground tunnel installation 11 Bunch Population 2. 2*10 4*109 1. 7*1011 (1*109) 2*109 total of 19 km bending arcs Bunch charge [n. C] 35 RR option: 0. 64 27 (0. 16) 0. 32 same magnet design as for > 4500 magnets APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 4

LINAC – Ring: connection to the LHC IP 2 -1104 5 -cell cavities for 2 linacs -69 Cryo Modules per linac with 8 cavities per CM -801. 6 MHz, 19 MV/m CW -24 - 39 MW RF power -29 MW Cryo for 37 W/m heat load -3600 Dipoles + 1536 Quadrupoles in 2 * 3 arcs: -580 (4 m long) dipoles per arc -8 (1 m long) dipoles in spreader and combiner -12 dipoles per arc for path length adjustment -240 ( 0. 9 and 1. 2 m long) quadrupoles per arc -16 (1 m long) quadrupoles per spreader-combiner APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 5

LHe. C in the Context of FCC: Various applications: John Osborne @ 2014 FCC Kick-off meeting LHe. C could operate parallel to HL-LHC PDFs; preparation for FCC-hh ERL could potentially provide collisions with FCC-hh ERL could operate as injector for FCC-ee APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 FCC Oliver Brüning, CERN 6

LHe. C: e-p (ion) Collider at the Te. V scale using the LHC infrastructure Finest microscope with resolution varying like √ 1/Q 2 (4 -momentum transfer) Finite p Radius Stanford PDFs at high energy: precision physics at HL-LHC and preparation for FCC-hh Unique machine for Higgs studies: SLAC Quarks FNAL CERN Quark Gluon Dynamics HERA PDFs LHe. C Higgs BSM APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN FCC-he 7

Study Status: R&D work: Following the 2012 LHe. C workshop at Chavannes CERN management gave mandate for developments in 5 areas: SC RF; CDR for ERL TF; SC magnets, IR in HL-LHC, exp beam pipe Coordination Group and International Advisory Committee: In 2013 the DG appointed an LHe. C CG and IAC under the chairmanship of H. Schopper (ex CERN DG); 1 st meeting at the 2014 LHe. C workshop, SC RF development: CERN started in 2014 a collaboration with Uni Mainz for the construction of [construction by 2016 (MESA)] 800 MHz SC RF cryomodules FCC: e-p option has been listed as an integral part of the new FCC studies @ CERN at the FCC Kick-off meeting in February 2014 APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 8

Reserve Transparencies: APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 9

2012 CERN Mandate: 5 main points The mandate for the technology development includes studies and prototyping of the following key technical components: • Superconducting RF system for CW operation in an Energy Recovery Linac (high Q 0 for efficient energy recovery) S • Superconducting magnet development of the insertion regions of the LHe. C with three beams. The studies require the design and construction of short magnet models • Studies related to the experimental beam pipes with large beam acceptance in a high synchrotron radiation environment • The design and specification of an ERL test facility for the LHe. C. • The finalization of the ERL design for the LHe. C including a finalization of the optics design, beam dynamics studies and identificationof potential performance limitations The above technological developments require close collaboration between the relevant technical groups at CERN and external collaborators. Given the rather tight personnel resource conditions at CERN the above studies should exploit where possible synergies with existing CERN studies. S. Bertolucci at Chavannes workshop 6/12 based on CERN directorate’s decision to include LHe. C in the MTP APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 10

Study Structure as of 2014: Coordination Group for DIS at CERN: LCG (2014 -2017) *) Nestor Armesto Oliver Brüning Stefano Forte Andrea Gaddi Bruce Mellado Paul Newman Max Klein Peter Kostka Daniel Schulte Frank Zimmermann Directors (ex-officio) Sergio Bertolucci, Frederick Bordry The coordination group was invited end of December 2013 by the CERN directorate with the following mandate (2014 -2017) The group has the task to coordinate the study of the scientific potential and possible technical realisation of an ep/e. A collider and the associated detectors at CERN, with the LHC and the FCC, over the next four years. It should also coordinate the design of an ERL test facility at CERN as part of the preparations for a larger energy electron accelerator employing ERL techniques. The group will cooperate with CERN and an International Advisory Committee *) LCG Composition early March 2014 APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 11

International Advisory Committee: The IAC was invited in December 2013 by the CERN DG Guido Altarelli (Rome) Sergio Bertolucci (CERN) *) Frederick Bordry (CERN) Stan Brodsky (SLAC) Hesheng Chen (IHEP Beijing) Andrew Hutton (Jefferson Lab) Young-Kee Kim (Chicago) Victor A Matveev (JINR Dubna) Shin-Ichi Kurokawa (Tsukuba) Leandro Nisati (Rome) Leonid Rivkin (Lausanne) Herwig Schopper (CERN) – Chair Jurgen Schukraft (CERN) Achille Stocchi (LAL Orsay) John Womersely (STFC) Mandate 2014 -2017 Advice to the LHe. C Coordination Group and the CERN directorate by following the development of options of an ep/e. A collider at the LHC and at FCC, especially with: Provision of scientific and technical direction for the physics potential of the ep/e. A collider, both at LHC and at FCC, as a function of the machine parameters and of a realistic detector design, as well as for the design and possible approval of an ERL test facility at CERN. Assistance in building the international case for the accelerator and detector developments as well as guidance to the resource, infrastructure and science policy aspects of the ep/e. A collider. *) IAC Composition End of February 2014 + Oliver Brüning Max Klein ex officio APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 12

John Osborne; 2014 Prévessin site North shaft area Saint Genis-Pouilly South shaft area Meyrin site

LHe. C CDR 1. Design for synchronous ep and pp operation (including e. A) after LS 3 which is about 2025 – no firm schedule exists for HL-LHC, but it may operate until ~2035 2. LHe. C is a new collider: the cleanest microscope of the world, a complementary Higgs facility, a unique QCD machine with a striking discovery potential, with possible applications as γγ H or injector to TLEPP or others AND an exciting new accelerator project 3. CERN Mandate to develop key technologies for the LHe. C for project decision after start of LHC Run II and in time for start parallel to HL LHC phase APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 14

Design Considerations f f o LHC hadron beams: E =7 Te. V; CM collision energy: E =4 E *E 50 to 150 Ge. V e d a r ppsoperation Integrated e p : O(100) fb ≈ 100 * L(HERA) synchronous eptand R r a e D Luminosity O (10 ) cm s with 100 MW power consumption Beam < 70 MW y Power C w g r o e e h P (installation Start of LHe. C operation together with HL-LHC in 2023 in LS 3 in 2022) t n E in & y Superconducting e Ring in the LHC tunnel (Ring-Ring - RR) m on ERL (Linac-Ring -LR) a g r Be ris e n e. V pa E - 0 G om y t 6 c i r s e o s o f o n e i h s c m e a c u L W ce 2 p ± CM e p, A -1 33 -2 -1 n e er f e r APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 15

HEP: The Fermi Scale [1985 -2010] pp b quark top quark MW, H? Tevatron ep gluon h. o. strong c, b distributions high parton densities e+ e. The Standard Model Triumph MZ , sin 2 3 neutrinos h. o. el. weak (t, H? ) LEP/SLC HERA APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 16

LHe. C Tentative Time Schedule LHe. C Project is still on track for startup with HL-LHC: -10 years for the LHe. C from CDR to project start. (Other smaller projects like ESS and PSI XFEL plan for 8 to 9 years [TDR to project start] and the EU XFEL plans for 5 years from construction to operation start) HERA required ca. 10 years from proposal to completion On schedule for launching SC RF development Synergies with HL-LHC and TLEP APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 LS 3 --- HL LHC Oliver Brüning, CERN 17

LINAC – Ring: connection to the LHC IP 2 Linac (racetrack) inside the LHC for access at CERN Territory U=U(LHC)/3=9 km APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 -1104 5 -cell cavities for 2 linacs -69 Cryo Modules per linac with 8 cavities per CM -801. 6 MHz, 19 MV/m CW -24 - 39 MW RF power -29 MW Cryo for 37 W/m heat load -3600 Dipoles + 1536 Quadrupoles in 2 * 3 arcs: -580 (4 m long) dipoles per arc -8 (1 m long) dipoles in spreader and combiner -12 dipoles per arc for path length adjustment -240 ( 0. 9 and 1. 2 m long) quadrupoles per arc -16 (1 m long) quadrupoles per spreader-combiner Oliver Brüning, CERN 18

Introduction: EIC as a QCD Explorer DGLAP = linear in ln(Q 2); BFKL = linear (including ln(1/x)!) High-Energy: small x Increasing Parton density; asymptotic freedom but non-linear perturbative QCD and Saturation Small x: where does DGLAP break down? APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 19

Introduction: Key Questions for EIC Projects HERA: Gluon proliferation Gluon Saturation? How do Gluons saturate? Color Glass Condensate? Where does it set in? EIC application Proton Spin? requires polarized beams! Energy Frontier: -PDFs for HL-LHC and future p colliders -Higgs production via Vector Boson fusion!!! -Search for Physics beyond the SM (e. g. leptoquarks)? APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Oliver Brüning, CERN 20

Introduction: EIC facilities as a microscope: Finest microscope with resolution varying like √ 1/Q 2 Parton momentum fixed by electron kinematics: Finite p Radius Stanford SLAC Quarks FNAL e+ e CERN Quark Gluon Dynamics HERA eh LHe. C X hh APB Information Meeting, 22 nd May 2014 Higgs BSM FCC-he Max Klein Oliver Brüning, CERN 21