New World Beginnings APUSH Pre Columbian time period

New World Beginnings APUSH

• Pre. Columbian time period. • First Americans came from Asia • Crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age • Following a food source • Gradual migration

People of the Americas • • Inuit Hopewell Iroquois 5 Civilized tribes Mayas Aztecs Incas Amazons

Leading Conditions to Discovery • • Leif Erickson Crusades Marco Polo Prince Henry the Navigator • African Voyages • Vasco da Gama • Reconquista

A Difference of Technology

Columbus Comes to the New World • The most successful failure in history – Columbus thought he was in India • Europe provided capital, markets & tech • Africa provided labor (eventually) • New World gave raw materials, precious metals, & soil

When Worlds Collide • The Columbian Exchange • Native New World Plants – Tobacco, Maize, Beans, Tomatoes, Potatoes – Huge impact on the diets of Europeans • Columbus’ return – 1493 – 17 ships – The horse

When Worlds Collide • Sugar revolution – The biggest cash crop for the Spanish was sugar • Microbes, not muskets – Most natives died due to exposure to diseases that they had no immunity to – As many as 90% of indigenous peoples died during the Great Dying • Native Revenge – Conquistadors caught syphilis through sex with native women

The Conquistadores • Treaty of Tordesillas – Separates the New World between Spanish and Portuguese • 2 spectacular exploits – Balboa – ‘Discovered’ Pacific – Magellan – Circumnavigated the globe • • Juan Ponce de Leon –’Discovered’ FL Francisco Coronado – Explored the SW Francisco Pizarro - Conquered the Inca Encomienda system – Natives used by Spanish as labor system – “the moral pestilence invented by Satan”

explorers

Conquest of Mexico • Hernan Cortes • 1519 • Tenochtitlan – Aztec capital – Decimated and later became Mexico City • “We Spanish suffer from a strange disease of the heart, for which the only known remedy is gold. ”

Conquest of Mexico • June 30, 1520 – noche triste – Aztecs retaliate • Aztec capitulate 8/13/1521 • Aztec decrease 20 million to 2 million in less than a century • Rebuilding – Cathedrals of MX City • Mestizos – Mixed race of Spanish & native

Spread of Spanish America • Peru & Mexico • French interests – Trade relations up and down the Mississippi • Had better relations w/ natives • St. Augustine – Founded by Menéndez 1565 – Castillo de San Marcos – Native populations subjugated St. Augustine

Spread of Spanish America • The Southwest – Coronado – Oñate explores and abuses the Pueblos – Popé’s Rebellion, 1680 • aka Pueblo Revolt • Spanish missions destroyed, priests killed – Reversal of fortune from 1519 – 1716 – Sp. settlement in TX – 1769 – San Diego & CA missions • “Mission Indians” – Children of Natives raised by priests Don Juan de Oñate

Summation • The “Black Legend” – Spanish as butchers & “killers for Christ” • Legacy of Spanish traditions • Foundations of Latin America • Fusing of cultures