New Rule for Steel Erection WAC 296 155

New Rule for Steel Erection WAC 296 -155 -701 through -724 The Standard On the web 1 GO

Do you want a short lesson on how to navigate through this program? If you want to see which buttons to click on to get through the presentation, click here If you’re confident that you can navigate through a web-based presentation on your own, click on the “next” button. 2

Navigational Symbols Used in this Presentation • Return to the program, usually from “additional information” • Definitions, more information, FAQs, etc • Read the actual Standard on line • Back to the Outline Next slide 3

Why the new rules? ? • OSHA studies of 673 fatalities among ironworkers highlighted common hazards • Deaths were largely preventable by engineering & regulatory changes 4

= Outline -703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan & construction sequence -704 - Hoisting & rigging -706 - Structural steel assembly details -707 - Column anchorage -708 - Beams & columns -709 - Open web steel joists -711 - Systems engineered metal buildings -714 - Falling object protection -716 - Fall protection -717 - Training 5

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence • Controlling contractor must provide written notification that concrete has attained – 75% of design strength, or – Sufficient strength to support the loads 6

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence • Controlling contractor must ensure that adequate access roads are provided and maintained Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 7

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence Controlling contractor must ensure that a suitable space is provided for –storage of materials and –safe operation of hoisting operations 8

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence All hoisting operations must be preplanned to ensure all “working under loads” requirements are met 9

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence • A site-specific erection Example plan may be developed to provide alternate means to protect employees • Appendix A contains guidelines App A 10

Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence “Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite. ” TOC 12 Next Section

Hoisting & Rigging • The new section (WAC 296 -155 -704) and • WAC 296 -155 -525 & -526 Both apply to hoisting and rigging Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 14

Hoisting & Rigging Crane preshift visual inspection must be visually inspected by a competent person • rule gives inspection minimums • deficiencies must be evaluated immediately • equipment posing a hazard must be placed out of service • operator has authority to stop and refuse any loads until safety is assured Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 15

Hoisting & Rigging • A qualified rigger must inspect the rigging prior to each shift Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 17

Hoisting & Rigging Working under loads Routes for suspended loads must be preplanned to avoid endangering workers 19

Hoisting & Rigging When working under loads • materials must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement • hooks must have self-closing safety latches or equivalent • all loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger 20

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure only when: – a multiple lift rigging assembly is used – specifically within manufacturer’s specifications & limitations – maximum of 5 members hoisted per lift – only beams & similar structural members are lifted – only trained employees involved 21 Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure – Bundles of decking are NOT appropriate for multiple lift. – Even though metal decking meets the definition of structural members 22

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure • Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly must be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point. • Based on manufacturer’s specifications with a 5 to 1 safety factor on all components 23

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure Total load must not exceed • rated capacity as specified in the hoisting equipment load charts and • rigging capacity specified in the rigging-rating charts 24

Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure Controlled load lowering must be used whenever the load is over the connectors TOC 25 Next Section

Structural Steel Assembly Structural stability maintained at all times during the erection process Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses • Within 8 floors of the concrete, or Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers 26 Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Structural Steel Assembly Structural stability maintained at all times during the erection process Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses • Within 8 floors of the concrete, or • no more than 4 floors (or 48’) of unfinished bolting or welding above secured floor 27

Structural Steel Assembly Walking/working surfaces Elimination of tripping hazards: • no shear connectors or other similar devices …until after walking/working surface has been installed. Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers 28 Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.

Structural Steel Assembly Walking/working surfaces After July 18, 2006: workers prohibited from walking on surface of structural steel coated with paint or other coating not slip resistant 29

Structural Steel Assembly Plumbing up When deemed necessary by a competent person: Plumbing up equipment must be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure stability of the structure. Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 30

Structural Steel Assembly Plumbing up • When necessary, plumbing up equipment must be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material 31

Structural Steel Assembly Plumbing up • Plumbing up equipment must be removed only with the approval of a competent person 32

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Hoisting, landing & placing of metal decking bundles – provisions to prevent “displacement” of decking during handling/storage Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 33

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking • Roof & floor holes and openings Must be installed as described: Para 706(4)(b) Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 34

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking • Covering roof and floor openings Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 36

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Decking gaps around columns where there are gaps between columns, the “falling objects hazards” must be eliminated Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 37

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking During installation, metal decking must be laid tightly & immediately secured to prevent movement 38

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking During installation, metal decking panels must be placed to ensure full support by structural members 39

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Derrick floors must be fully decked or planked & connections completed 40

Structural Steel Assembly Metal decking Temporary loads placed on derrick floors must be distributed over the underlying support to prevent local overloading TOC 41 Next Section

Column anchorage Insufficient column anchorage is a primary cause of column failure and a large contributor to fatalities among ironworkers! Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 42

Column anchorage Erection Stability All columns must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 43

Column anchorage Erection Stability All columns* must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts all anchor rod assemblies must meet strength criteria listed in the rule 44

Column anchorage Erection Stability Columns must be • set on level, finished floors • pregrouted leveling plates • leveling nuts, or • shim packs Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 46

Column anchorage Erection Stability All columns must be evaluated by a competent person to determine if guying or bracing is needed. If guying or bracing is needed, it must be installed Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 47

Column anchorage Anchor rods (bolts) Anchor rods/bolts must not be repaired, replaced or field modified without approval of the project structural engineer of record 48

Column anchorage Anchor rods (bolts) Controlling contractor must provide written notification to the steel erector if there has been any repair, replacement or modification of the anchor rods/bolts TOC 49 Next Section

Beams & Columns Final placing of solid web structural members The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection 50

Beams & Columns Final placing of solid web structural members The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection Bolts must be Same size and strength shown in the erection drawings Drawn up wrench tight, or equivalent specified 51

Beams & Columns Final placing of solid web structural members A competent person must determine if more than 2 bolts are needed 52

Beams & Columns Diagonal bracing Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing must be secured by at least one bolt per connection Wrench tight or equivalent 53

Beams & Columns Double connections at columns and/or beam webs over a column When making connections sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut must remain connected to the first member Diagram Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. Exception 54

Beams & Columns Column splices Each column splice must be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300# Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 58

Beams & Columns Perimeter columns Must extend a minimum of 48” above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 59

Beams & Columns Perimeter columns Must have holes or other devices for attaching perimeter cables TOC 60 Next Section

Open Web Steel Joists “Open web steel joists must be secured before releasing the load. ” Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 61

Open Web Steel Joists Landing and placing loads No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed anchored and all joist bearing ends attached, UNLESS Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 62

Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings “Package Building” Before releasing hoisting equipment: • Columns – minimum 4 bolts at base • Rigid frames – 50% of the bolts – or as specified by manufacturer TOC 64 Next Section

Falling Object Protection All materials, equipment, & tools which are not in use while aloft must be secured against accidental displacement 65

Falling Object Protection The controlling contractor must bar other construction processes from below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided TOC 66 Next Section

Fall Protection • Must be in accordance with WAC 296 -155, – Part C-1 & – Part K TOC 67 Next Section

Training • Fall hazard training • Special training in multiple lift rigging procedure TOC 68 End

• Photos courtesy of Pacific Northwest Ironworkers and Employers Apprenticeship and Training Committee -86 • Very special thanks to Douglas Smith and Kevin Mc. Gee • And thanks also to Jerry Rowland, Corona Steel and Ironworkers Local #86 69

Navigational Symbols Used in this Presentation • Return to the program, usually from “additional information” • Definitions, more information, FAQs, etc • Read the actual Standard on line • Back to the Outline Next slide 71

links back to this page -703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan & construction sequence -704 - Hoisting & rigging -706 - Structural steel assembly details -707 - Column anchorage Each line -708 - Beams & columns Hyperlinks to the -709 - Open web steel joists module listed -711 - Systems engineered metal buildings -714 - Falling object protection -716 - Fall protection -717 - Training 72

Behind the scenes how things are arranged: You get back and forth from the Outline Section 703 Outline Section -704 Section -705 73

Links to other information “Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite. ” Clicking here or else on the “i” will link you to the definition 74

NEXT: Going from the presentation to web pages to read or print out the actual Standard Going to the Web to read the actual Standard is easy: • to go forward, use the hyperlink provided • to go back, use the “back arrow” What’s a “Hyperlink”? What’s a “Back Arrow”? This is how the program looks “behind the scenes” 75

Navigation – Part II The diagram of how things can be linked Section 703 Course List Section – 703 on the Web Section -704 Section – 704 on the Web Section -705 Section – 705 on the Web Other Web Page if you want And another Web Page 76

Clicking here would hyperlink to the web page Clicking here would return to the Presentation 77

Navigation – Part II Section -704 Section – 704 on the Web Outline Another way of moving back to the presentation • Just close the web page 78

Clicking here would hyperlink to the web page Clicking here would close the Web page; return to the Presentation 79

Ready to start? ? Not really. I’d like to go through this “navigation thing” one more time. YES! Run it! 80

Hyperlink • An item (word, icon, button, etc) that will take you to another location (page in the document, web page, other program, etc) • Hyperlinks are identified by the fact that when your cursor passes over them, it changes from an arrow to a hand. – Sometimes they’re even underlined 81

This is a “Back Arrow” 82