New Nationalism Element Analyze the rise of nationalism

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New Nationalism • Element: Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the ideas

New Nationalism • Element: Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the ideas of Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and Mohandas Gandhi. • Vocabulary: Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Mohandas Gandhi

Indian Nationalism • India was a colony of Great Britain • Indians had served

Indian Nationalism • India was a colony of Great Britain • Indians had served with the British in WWI • England did not keep promise of granting Indian Independence • Indian began to resent English rule • England enacted the Rowlatt Acts: gave British colonial government the right to imprison protesters for as long as two years without a trial

Indian Nationalist Movement Description: • led by upper-class, English-educated • preferred reform over revolution

Indian Nationalist Movement Description: • led by upper-class, English-educated • preferred reform over revolution • came from urban areas such as Mumbai (then called Bombay) and Calcutta • reform became slow paced

Amritsar Massacre • In 1919 a group of Hindus and Muslims marched together to

Amritsar Massacre • In 1919 a group of Hindus and Muslims marched together to Amritsar to show support of Indian Nationalism • England had banned public meetings, and troops were ordered to fire into the crowd = 400 dead • Increased hatred of English rule = increase in Indian Nationalism

Indian Nationalist Movement Indian National Congress (INC): • formed in 1885 by a small

Indian Nationalist Movement Indian National Congress (INC): • formed in 1885 by a small group of Indians • called for a share in the governing process with Britain, not full independence • split between Hindus and Muslims • Muslims began to call for a separate league to better represent the interests of India’s millions of Muslims

Indian Nationalist Movement • Became the leader of the Indian independence movement • His

Indian Nationalist Movement • Became the leader of the Indian independence movement • His teachings merged thoughts from all of the world’s major religions • The Indians gave him the name Mahatma – “Great Soul”

Mohandas Gandhi • Fought injustice through “Civil Disobedience” – Boycotts – Fasts – Strikes

Mohandas Gandhi • Fought injustice through “Civil Disobedience” – Boycotts – Fasts – Strikes – Peaceful demonstrations • In 1935, England granted partial self-rule to India • Gandhi tried to get India to forget its religious differences, but conflict between Muslims and Hindus continued.

Mohandas Gandhi • Despite Gandhi’s efforts, India split into 2 nations in 1947: –

Mohandas Gandhi • Despite Gandhi’s efforts, India split into 2 nations in 1947: – India – Hindu – Pakistan – Muslim • In 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist.

Changes in China • Since 1644, China had been ruled by the Qing Dynasty.

Changes in China • Since 1644, China had been ruled by the Qing Dynasty. The nation was very closed to the rest of the world. • Many Chinese people began to believe that increasing technology, industry, and nationalism held the key for China’s future. • The leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) was led by Sun Yat-sen

Chinese Nationalism Description: • sought reform after Boxer Rebellion • Western educational system replaced

Chinese Nationalism Description: • sought reform after Boxer Rebellion • Western educational system replaced traditional civil service examination system • elections for a national assembly were held in 1910 at local levels • could not pass laws, only advise the ruler • conditions worsened and taxes rose

Sun Yat-sen • Revive China Society founded in the 1890 s • believed China

Sun Yat-sen • Revive China Society founded in the 1890 s • believed China had to be united under a strong government to resist foreign influence

Revolution • In 1895, Sun tried to launch a revolt, but it failed. Sun

Revolution • In 1895, Sun tried to launch a revolt, but it failed. Sun was forced into exile for 16 years. • in 1911 followers of Sun Yat-sen began an uprising and the Qing dynasty collapsed

Revolution • The Nationalists took power and Sun Yat Sen helped make Chiang Kai-shek

Revolution • The Nationalists took power and Sun Yat Sen helped make Chiang Kai-shek President. • The Nationalists remained in power in China until the communist revolution led by Mao Zedong following World War II.

Turkish Nationalism Description: • Greece invaded western Turkey after WWI • Turkish leaders formed

Turkish Nationalism Description: • Greece invaded western Turkey after WWI • Turkish leaders formed a new Republic of Turkey • under the command of Mustafa Kemal • able to drive the Greek troops out

Mustafa Kemal • known as Atatürk • became president of Turkey • had a

Mustafa Kemal • known as Atatürk • became president of Turkey • had a democratic system of government

Turkish Nationalism Policies of Turkey: • did not allow opposition • eliminated Arabic elements

Turkish Nationalism Policies of Turkey: • did not allow opposition • eliminated Arabic elements from the Turkish language • adopted the Roman alphabet • forced people to adopt last names • established factories and directed the economy • tried to modernize farming

Turkish Nationalism Creating a Secular Turkey: • abolished the caliphate • forbade men to

Turkish Nationalism Creating a Secular Turkey: • abolished the caliphate • forbade men to wear the traditional Turkish Muslim hat • forbade the Islamic custom of women wearing a veil • new laws gave women equal marriage and inheritance rights