New Mexico Territory California The Territory Consisted of
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New Mexico Territory & California
The Territory • Consisted of Arizona, new Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming • Capital of territory = Santa Fe • This area has thickest grasses, desert and mountain area • Indians are Pueblo and Zuni • Irrigated land Farmed land
Santa Fe • • • Juan de Onate claimed territory for Spain Grew into a busy trading city Spain refused to allow Americans to settle Mexico gains independence in 1821 Americans now allowed to settle in area
The trail • First America = William Becknell • Merchant and adventurer • He led group from Franklin, Missouri to Santa Fe • Found people eager to buy his goods • Other followed Becknell’s route • Route became known as the Santa Fe Trail
California the early years • • California belonged to Mexico – in 1840’s Spain claimed land 100 years before Jamestown settled by English Spanish and Native Americans shared life together in California – shaped life
Contrast of land types • Dramatic Contrasts • Two tall mountain ranges go through region • 1 = along the coast • 1 = inland on border of Nevada and Arizona • Between the ranges is the fertile central valley
Northern California • Plenty of Rain • South the water is scarce • Temperatures mild all year long
Missions • Spanish soldiers and priests built the first European Settlements • Chief missionary in group is Father Serra • Built first mission at San Diego • Built 20 other mission along the coast line • Individual mission claimed land around mission • Took care of own needs
Missions supplied • Meat • Grain • Other foods fort
Native Americans & Mission Life • California Indians lived in small scatter groups • Reason scattered is the terrain • Many river valleys and mountains • Cut off groups from each other • Offered no resistance to soldiers when forced to work for missions
More • Native Americans herded sheep and cattle and raised crops • Lived at missions & learned Catholic religion • Hard for them and thousands died from over work and disease • After Mexican independence even worse • Gov. gave land to farmers, ranchers • Cruelty = mistreated Indians • Results is harsh conditions • 1770 -1850 decline in population • Was 310, 000 to 100, 000
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