New Methods of Textile Production Spinning Mule Power

New Methods of Textile Production Spinning Mule Power Loom

The Spinning Jenny c. 1764 Spinning Jenny used in textile mills Woman Working a Hargreave's Spinning Jenny James Hargreaves (1720 -1778)

The Water Frame c. 1768 Richard Arkwright

The Spinning Mule c. 1779 Spinning mule Samuel Crompton

The Power Loom c. 1785 Women at work in a textile mill Edmund Cartwright (1743 -1823)

Textile Factory Workers in England 1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers 1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers 1850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers

Energy, the Steam Engine, and Iron Industry

James Watt and the Steam Engine James Watt (1736 -1819) Modern reconstruction

Pig Iron Raw Coke Henry Cort (1740 -1800) Puddling Furnace A. Fireplace grate; B. Firebricks; C. Cross binders; D. Fireplace; E. Work door; F. Hearth; G. Cast iron retaining plates

British Pig Iron Production Pig Iron: the immediate product of smelting iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace.

Davy Lamp (aka Safety Lamp) Sir Humphry Davy (1778 -1829) Modern version of a Davy Lamp

TRANSPORTATION AND THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY

Duke of Bridgewater and canals Bridgewater's profitable canalbuilding (opened 1761) started the "Canal Mania"

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

John Loudon Mc. Adam and roads Macadamized Roads

George Stephenson and the Rocket The Rocket

The Impact of the Railroad

Isambard Kingdom Brunel Great Albert Bridge Isn't his name amazing? Thames Tunnel

Isambard Kingdom Brunel Great Albert Bridge The Gauge Wars Thames Tunnel

INDUSTRY AND POPULATION GROWTH

URBANIZATION

The New Industrial City

POPULATION GROWTH

THE CRYSTAL PALACE

THE CRYSTAL PALACE The Crystal Palace at the site to which it was later removed, Penge

THOMAS MALTHUS An Essay on the Principle of Population

DAVID RICARDO Iron Law of Wages