New Invaders Chapter 13 Section 2 The Inside
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New Invaders Chapter 13 Section 2
The Inside Story “Where did they come from? ” That question was on the minds of the monks of Lindisfarne Monastery on the morning of June 8, 793. Just a few hours before, the monks had been going about their daily business, tending crops, praying and copying manuscripts. Now many of them were dead, killed by the swords and spears of raiders. Those left alive watched as their monastery’s precious treasures were loaded into ships that slipped quietly out to sea. Dazed, the monks wondered exactly what had led to this terrible destruction. What the monks did not know was that the raiders were Vikings from what is now Denmark. Nor did they realize that the raid on their monastery was only the beginning of Europe’s newest threat. The attack on Lindisfarne was the beginning of a 200 -year period of raids on northern Europe, a period sometimes called the Age of Vikings.
The Vikings Charlemagne peace did not last long in Europe Invaders from many directions Fiercest of all, Vikings: Northern Europe Scandinavia area: Norway Denmark Sweden Also called Norsemen, or the Northmen
Vikings & The Raids Fishers or farmers Land not very fertile Growing population & lack of food led to Viking raids Superb sailors & shipbuilders Carried 100 warriors on ships Withstand waves well Skill in navigation, planning the course across the sea, allowed search of wealth, new lands, prestige 1 st targets: northern France, England Major targeted cities: Paris Aachen London Constantinople
The Raids People in Europe lived in fear Fast-moving ships, little time to prepare Axes, swords, spears Captured/killed anyone, sold into slavery Grabbed precious items & sailed away HISTORY’S VOICES “The number of ships grows: the endless stream of Vikings never ceases to increase. Everywhere the Christians are victims of massacres, burnings, plunderings: the Vikings conquer all in their path, and no one resists them. ” --A monk of Noirmoutier, quoted in The Viking World by James Graham-Campbell
VIKINGS, MAGYARS, AND MUSLIMS, 800– 1000
Viking longship
The Raids Favorite target: Christian monasteries Monks were not warriors Fine treasure, jeweled crosses and gold/silver candlesticks Saw nothing wrong with stealing religious items
Viking Settlements Not all Vikings were raiders Some settled in Iceland, thrived for long time Sagas—long Icelandic stories about great heroes/events Reached Greenland in 982 Reached North America under Leif Eriksson Settled in modern day Canada
Viking Settlements Also settled in northern France Led by Chief Rollo raided France many times King of France makes deal with Rollo—if he stopped attacking France & defended France against other Vikings, he would give him land Rollo accepts deal, land called Normandy, land of Northmen, he receives over time
The Magyars Invaded from east From central Asia, nomads, settled in modern day Hungary Fierce warriors on horseback, planned raids carefully Attacked smaller settlements, easily outrun any armies Raided eastern France & Germany, northern Italy, & western Byzantine Empire Gave up nomadic ways, made permanent settlement King Otto of Germany crushed huge Magyar army, ending the raids
The Muslims 800 s & 900 s, ordered fast, small raids on cities & towns of southern France & Italy Attacked Rome, home of pope & spiritual center of Christianity in western Europe Destroyed ancient churches, including St. Peter’s Basilica, painful blow to European Christians Blocked Byzantine trade in Mediterranean, sold crew into slavery, looted ships Cut off trade routes between Italy & eastern allies Pope turns to Franks for protection, balance of power in western Europe is shifted**
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