New Horizon College English III Unit 7 Section

New Horizon College English III Unit 7 Section A: Bill Gates

Contents Lead - in A Pre-reading B Text Study C Exercises D Supplement E

Leading-in Anecdotes about Bill Gates’ Personalities Which personalities will you choose to model yourself on? And Why?

Bill Gates’ Anecdotes Childhood Youth In Microsoft Retirement

Bill Gates’ Personalities The relationship between personality and success? Energy Drive Focus Your Choice? Initiative Competitive ness ……

Pre-reading 1. Background Information 2. Listen and Discuss 3. New Words

Background Information Microsoft Corporation is an American-based multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices. Headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA, its best selling products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software.

Background Information Creators: Bill Gates &Paul Allen Headquarters: Redmond, Washington, USA Time: 1975 Products

Background Information Apple Inc. 苹果股份有限公司 <Software>: Mac OSX, Xserve, Quick. Time, i. Life, i. Tunes… <Hardware>: i. Mac, Power. Book, Mac. Book… <Mobile phone>: i. Phone <Palmtop Entertainment Terminal>: i. Pad, i. Pod International Business Machines Corporation 国际商业机器公司 1. the best known American computer company and the largest computer company in the world today; 2. makes everything from mainframes to PCs ;

Listening and Discussion • Q 1. Why has the federal government brought a case against Microsoft? Answer: Because it claims that Microsoft is using unfair business practices to gain advantage over its competitors. • Q 2：Why are Microsoft’s competitors complaining? Answer: Because they think their Internet software deserves equal access to Microsoft’s operating systems as Microsoft’s.

New Words l modernize vt. (Br. E modernize) （使）现代化 We need more funds to modernize our teaching facilities. 我们需要更多的资金来使教学设施现代化。 l classification n. [U] 归类；分类 The classification of wines is often done according to their region. 酒常常是按产地来分类的。 l classify vt. 把……分类；分等级 People who live in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books. 图书馆 作人员要花很多时间把图书分类。

New Words l brilliance n. 1) [U] 才华；才智 Mark’s brilliance brought him top marks on the Harvard entrance exam. 马克的聪明才智使他在哈佛的入学考试中获得了高分。 2) [U] 光亮；光辉 The brilliance of the sunlight made her feel dizzy. 太阳的光辉令她有点头晕。 l brilliant adj. 1) 光辉的；辉煌的 a brilliant sun/sea 明媚的阳光/波光粼粼的海洋 brilliant blue 鲜蓝色 2）才华横溢的；精彩的 a brilliant scientist 卓越的科学家 a brilliant piece of music 一首很精彩的乐曲

New Words l conservation n. 1)[U] 节约 Conservation of water is of great importance in desert areas. 沙漠地区实行控制用水极其重要。 2）[U] 保护 Their main concern is wildlife conservation. 他们关心的主要是野生动物保护。 l conserve vt. 保存；节约 We must conserve water during the drought. 干旱期间我们必须节约用水。

New Words l conservative adj. 1) 反对改变的；保守的 The minister is very conservative in matters of education. 部长在教育方面非常保守。 2）不炫耀的；朴实的 She dresses in a rather conservative way. 她的衣着相当朴实。

New Words l maximum adj. 最大的；最多的 We hope to get the maximum profit. 我们希望得到最大利润。 n. 最大量；最大值 The bus can carry a maximum of 60 people. 这辆公交车最多可载 60人。 l minimum adj. 最小的；最少的； n. 最小量；最小值 l understate vt. 轻描淡写；贬低（某事物的）重要性 The report understates the seriousness of the situation. 这个报告没有充分体现形势的严峻性。

New Words l punctual adj. 准时的 It is important to be punctual for your class. 准时上课很重要。 l procession n. 1) [C] 一连串的人或物 The family has endured an endless procession of tragic events. 这个家庭承受了接连不断地悲剧事故。 2) [C] 行列；队伍 They were stopped by the police in their marching in procession to the square. 他们游行去广场时被警察拦住了。

New Words l multiple adj. 多样的；多重的 He excels in multiple-choice questions. 他擅长做选择题。 n. 倍数 The number 8 is a multiple of 4. 八是四的倍数。 l multiply v. 1)[by] 乘 To multiply six by nine gets fifty-four. 六乘以九等于五十四。 2) (使)增加 He has multiplied his wealth many times. 他已使自己的财富增加了数倍。

New Words l multiplication n. 乘法 2× 4=8 is an example of multiplication. 2× 4=8是乘法运算的一例。

New Words l clockwise adj. /adv. 顺时针（地） Please turn the key in a clockwise direction. 请顺时针转动钥匙。 Turn the handle clockwise! 把拉手按顺时针方向旋转。 l anticlockwise adj. /adv. 逆时针（地） l quiz vt. 查问；盘问 He quizzed me about where I’d been last night. 他反复盘问我昨夜在什么地方。 n. [C] 问答比赛；问答游戏 He took part in a television quiz and won a prize. 他参加了一个电视知识竞赛并得了奖。

New Words l vague adj. 模糊的；不明确的 Through the mist, I could just make out a vague figure. 透过雾霭，我只能看见一个模糊的人影。 He returned only a vague answer. 他只给了个含糊的问答。 l conquer vt. 征服；攻克 We have conquered the enemy. 我们战胜了敌人。 I conquered my dislike for mathematics. 我克服了讨厌数学的毛病。

New Words l deadly adj. 1) 致命的 The shock was deadly to him. 这次打击对他是致命的。 2）彻底的；十足的 I’m in deadly earnest. 我是非常认真的。 l competitor n. [C] 竞争者 Last year, they sold twice as many computers as their competitors. 去年，他们的计算机销量是其竞争对手的两倍。

New Words l compete vi. 竞争；对抗；比赛 John competed for a place at the school, but didn’t get it. 约翰想在学校 争取一个职位，但没成功。 l competition n. 1)[U] 竞争；对抗 He was in competition with 10 others, so he did well to win the race. 他 与十个人竞争，所以他确实跑得不错，才赢得了这场赛跑。 2)[C] 比赛 There will be a chess competition next week. 下个星期有一场国际象棋 比赛。

New Words l visionary n. [C] 有预见的人；有远见的人 Every company needs its visionaries. 每个公司都需要有远见的人。 adj. 有预见性的；有远见的 Their success owes a lot to his visionary leadership. 他们的成功很大程度上归功于他具有远见卓识的领导才能。 l bundle vt. 捆扎；捆绑 Bundle up the newspapers and take them to the room. 把这些报纸捆扎在一起拿到房间里去。 n. [C] 捆；束 The books were tied up in bundles of twenty. 那些书被捆成 20本一捆。

New Words l export vt. 出口 India exports tea and cotton. 印度出口茶和棉花。 n. [U] 出口; 输出 These cars are made for export. 这些汽车是为出口而生产的。 l import vt. /n. 进口

New Words l mushroom vi. 迅速发展 The little town mushroomed into a city. 那座小镇迅速发展成一座城市。 n. [C] 蘑菇 l surf v. 网上冲浪 Many youngsters spend hours surfing the Internet every day. . 很多青少年每天用数小时浏览英特网。 vi. 冲浪 When we were in Hawaii we went surfing every day. 我们在夏威夷时每天都去冲浪。

New Words l distribute vt. 1) 提供；配送 Milk is distributed to the local shops by Guangming Dairies. 牛奶由光明乳业公司提供给当地的商店。 2)分发；分配 Tickets will be distributed to all club members. 所有会员均会分得门票。 l distribution n. [C; U] 分发；分配 The conference discussed the fair distribution of income and wealth. 会议讨论了公平分配收入和财富的问题。 l distributor n. [C] 销售商；分销商 You can get the book through your local distributor. 你可以通过当地经销商买到这本书。

New Words l stem from 源自；来自 The accident stems from his carelessness. 事故起因是粗心大意。 The inspiration stems from his travels. 他的灵感来自旅行。 l put in 投入（时间或精力）做某事 She put in an hour on her assignment. 她花了一个小时做作业。 I’ve put a lot of work in improving my English. 我下了很大的 夫进修英文。 l in high gear 全力以赴 This winter, ice fishing is in high gear. 今年冬天，冰上钓鱼大为流行。 Campus construction is now in high gear. 校园建设目前正在热火朝天地进行。

New Words l on the subject of 谈到；关于 She said nothing at all on the subject of Mr. John. 就约翰先生，她什么也没说。 l in the interest (s) of 为了……起见 In the interests of safety, please fasten your seat belt. 为了安全起见，请系上安全带。 l claw one’s way 艰难地走到某处 He clawed his way forward inch by inch. 他一步一步地往前爬。 Benson clawed his way back into the lead. 本森又艰难地重回领先位置。

New Words l expect from/of 期望 Don’t expect sudden improvements from this class. 别指望这个班级一夜之间变好。 The whole family expects great things of him. 全家对他寄予厚望。 l drop out 退出 His injury forced him to drop out of the competition. 他受了伤，不得不退出比赛。 Kelly dropped out of college after one semester. 一个学期之后， 科利就退学了。

Text Analysis Text Structure Analysis Detailed Study of the Text

Text Structure Analysis Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Para 1 A general introduction about Bill Gates Para 2 -6 Para 7 -11 Para 12 Bill Gates’ traits Bill Gates’ Personal development Conclusion

Part 2 Traits General Statement Para 2—personality Para 3—style Para 4—saving money and energy when traveling Para 5—multitasking Para 6—running methods Particular Details

Part 3 —— Time Sequence n Time Marker n In the sixth grade (Para 7) In the early 1975, at the age of 19 (Para 8) In 1976 (Para 9) In 1980 s (Para 10) Today (Para 11) Personal Development

Detailed Study of the Text o I turned out to have been right. turn out: happen to be, or prove to be The day turned out to be a fine day. 那天倒是好天气。 Meaning: I was right in the end.

Detailed Study of the Text o Without a doubt, Bill Gates belongs in the same class as Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, and other great minds who changed the world. (Para. 1) belong in: be in the right place or situation Hunting dogs belong in the country, not in the city. 猎犬宜养在乡间，不宜养在城市。 These things belong in a different classification. 这些东西属于不同的类别。 mind: n. [C] someone who is very intelligent Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 Meaning: There is no doubt about this: Bill Gates is among the great men, such as Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell, who changed the world.

Detailed Study of the Text o Indeed, his classification into any other rank than this would seriously understate his impact on the world. (Para 1) understate: vt. say that something is less important, serious, etc. than it really is Meaning: In fact, to rank Bill Gates into any other group would make his influence on the world appear less important.

Detailed Study of the Text Indeed, his classification into any other rank than this would seriously understate his impact on the world. (Para 1) classification: n. [U] the process of putting people or things into particular groups according to their features. Meaning: In fact, to rank Bill Gates into any other group would make his influence on the world appear less important. o

Detailed Study of the Text o Gates’ success stems from his personality: an unbelievable and at times frightening blend of highvoltage brilliance, drive and competitiveness. (Para. 2) at times: sometimes At times, I will daydream about the future. 有时，我会遐想未来。 Meaning: Gates’ success owes to his personality: He is intelligent, energetic and competitive, which reaches an unbelievable and sometimes shocking degree.

Detailed Study of the Text o When the chairman and CEO walks through the corridors of Microsoft, it is like a switch being turned on; everything and everyone around him is charged with 10, 000 volts of electricity. (Para. 2) charge: v. (cause to) take in the correct amount of electricity Does your car battery charge electricity? 你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗？ Meaning: When Gates, chairman and CEO, walks through the corridors of Microsoft, the whole company is charged with energy; everything and everybody seems to be electrified.

Detailed Study of the Text o The schedule he keeps is one hint as to what he expects from his employees. (Para. 2) as to: about I was given no instruction as to how to begin. 对于如何开始，没有人给我指示。 Meaning: His schedule implies what he expects his employees to do.

Detailed Study of the Text o Indeed, if there’s one thing that distinguishes the Gates style, it is his time management skills. (Para. 3) distinguish: vt. to set apart or mark as different Elephants are distinguished by their trunks. 大象因为有长鼻子而有别于其他动物。 Meaning: In fact, if there’s anything that makes Gates different from anyone else, it is his way of making full use of his time.

Detailed Study of the Text o Conservation of time, energy, and focus are his hallmarks. (Para. 3) hallmark: n. [C] a quality that is typical of a particular person or thing Their performance bore all the hallmarks of European champions. 他们的表现具备了欧洲冠军的所有特征。 Meaning: Careful use of time, energy and devotion to the job he’s doing are his typical qualities.

Detailed Study of the Text o He moves between playing the role of international spokesman for the age of technology and planning business strategy back at headquarters, getting the maximum amount of work possible out of every minute. (Para. 3) Meaning: Sometimes, he acts as the spokesman for the age of technology; at other times, he works in the Microsoft headquarters making business decisions, seeking to get the most of every minute.

Detailed Study of the Text o Always punctual and always in high gear, he typically leaves only the tiniest cracks in the day for eating, talking to friends or recreation. (Para. 3) crack: n. [C] a line of division caused by splitting; thin mark or opening caused by breaking 裂缝 The door was opened just a crack. (喻)门仅仅开了一条缝。 Meaning: Gates is always on time and always doing his job with great effort and energy, using the least time for eating, talking to friends or recreation.

Detailed Study of the Text o On business trips, he flies commercial whenever possible and in the interest of time, he never checks his baggage. (Para. 4) fly commercial: fly via regularly scheduled airlines check baggage: check in at an airline ticket counter and give the airline your baggage to load on the aircraft. Meaning: When he is on business trips, he tries to fly on airlines with ordinary people instead of on his private plane if possible, and in order to save time, he takes only carryon luggage to avoid checking his baggage.

Detailed Study of the Text o At his desk, he works on two computers, one with multiple frames that sequence data streaming in from the Internet, and the other handling the hundreds of e-mail messages and letters he receives. (Para. 5) multiple frames: several windows on the screen of a computer Meaning: At his desk, Gates works on two computers: One computer has more than one window on the screen that processes data that comes in form the Internet one after another, the other computer is used for dealing with the hundreds of e-mail messages and letters he receives.

Detailed Study of the Text o …He bats out a hundred or more e-mail messages a day (and night)… (Para. 6) bat out: (informal) produce or do something quickly, especially in a casual or rushed manner We need to bat out a memo on this today. 就今天这事，我需要写个备忘录。 Meaning: … He sends out a hundred or more e-mail messages a day (and night)…

Detailed Study of the Text o He doesn’t address anyone by name or hand out too much praise, but he does go round the table clockwise and listens carefully to anyone who has an idea. (Para. 6) by name: using the name of someone or something There are many people who’ve helped me —— too many to mention by name. 有很多人帮助了我，多得我说不出他们的名字。 hand out: offer; give something usually freely He was handing out leaflets to the audience. 他在把传单发给听众。 Meaning: He doesn’t speak to anyone by calling their name; nor does he praise anyone too much. Instead, he just talks with them and listens to anyone who has an idea.

Detailed Study of the Text o When he is unclear about something, he quizzes and challenges his staff. (Para. 6) Meaning: When he is not clear about something, he asks questions about it and requests his staff to answer them. o “Educate me on that, ” he might say, looking to make clear a vague statement. (Para. 6) Meaning: “Tell me more about that, ” he might say, hoping that the man who made an unclear statement would explain it clearly.

Detailed Study of the Text o Every decision he makes is based on his knowledge of the merits. (Para. 6) Meaning: He bases his decisions on his knowledge of what good the decisions will do for Microsoft. o He doesn’t need to rely on personal politics. (Para. 6) Meaning: It is not necessary for him to rely on his influence or authority.

Detailed Study of the Text o “You had better just adjust to it because there’s no use trying to beat him. ” (Para. 7) There/It is no use (in) doing sth. : do sth. is useless There/It is no use crying over spilt milk. 对着洒掉的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。 Meaning: “You should get used to it because trying to beat him is useless. ”

Detailed Study of the Text o In the 22 years since he dropped out of Harvard to conquer the world of computer operating systems and application software, he has been deadly for competitors trying to claw their way into the market. (Para. 7) Meaning: Twenty-two years ago Gates left Harvard University without a degree because he wanted to take control of the world of computer operating systems and application software. Since then he has beaten all the competitors who try to move into this market.

Detailed Study of the Text o It was their intense relationship —— Gates the workaholic code writer and competitor, Allen the dreamy visionary —— that laid the first brick in the foundation of Microsoft. (Para. 8) Meaning: Gates was then a hard-working code writer and competitor, and Allen was a far-sighted dreamer. They formed a very close relationship which laid the solid foundation of Microsoft.

Detailed Study of the Text o Although MITS soon folded… (Para. 9) fold: vi. (of a business, organization, etc. ) close because it does not have enough money to continue The company folded three months later. 三个月后这家公司倒闭了。 Meaning: Although MITS soon closed…

Detailed Study of the Text o Throughout the 1980 s Microsoft moved steadily upward and by the 1990 s MS-DOS had been exported around the world and had become the dominant software platform. (Para. 10) Meaning: Throughout the 1980 s, Microsoft grew steadily and by the 1990 s MS-DOS had been sold to all parts of the world and had become the leading software platform.

Exercises PartⅠ Vocabulary PartⅡ Translation Part Ⅲ Writing

PartⅠ Vocabulary Choose the best one answer from the following four choices. 1．He is promoted to manager because he has done a very good job in videophones to the local customers. A. distributor B. distribute C. deliver D. distributing 2. In China, as in many parts of the world, energy is an issue which gets a lot of attention these days. A. conserve B. saving C. conservation D. save 3. Although they might have IQs of 10 or 50 at the , they should not be treated unfairly. A. most B. maximum C. minimum D. best

PartⅠ Vocabulary 4. it seems that researches are merely picking the patterns that fit their theories, and this is no good. A. At times B. At that time C. At one time D. At any time 5. There may be several interpretations discussion means. A. as for B. as C. as to what the committee’s D. so as to

PartⅡ Translation 1. 因此，以盖茨为首席执行官的微软还能走多远依然是 个有趣的问题。 (as to) An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.

PartⅡ Translation 2. 抱怨是没有用的， 因为抱怨并改变不了什么。重要 的是得采取措施预防类似事件发生。（There’s/It’s no use doing …） There’s/It’s no use complaining since nothing ever changes as a result of a complaint. What’s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happening.

PartⅡ Translation 3. 的确，将盖茨划入任何其他行列，都可能大大淡化 他对世界的影响。（classification & understate） An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.

PartⅡ Translation 4. 盖茨的 作安排暗示着他对员 的期待。 （expect from） The schedule Gates keeps is one hint as to what he expects from his employees.

PartⅡ Translation 5. 盖茨一直是那些企图挤进计算机市场的竞争对手的 死敌。（be deadly enemy for & claw one’s way） Gates has been deadly enemy for competitors trying to claw their way into the computer market.

Writing • General Statement Computer work wonders • Particular Details taking over many boring and dangerous jobs saving people for more creative work finding out what is happening at the other end of the world tracking down criminals working tirelessly 24 hours a day making our life much easier

Supplement (Watch) Gates’ Speech at Harvard Gates’ Ten Well-known Sayings

Bill Gates’ 10 Sayings 1. Life is not fair, get used to it. n 生活是不公平的；要去适应它。 2. The world won't care about your self-esteem. The world will expect you to accomplish something before you feel good about yourself. n 这世界并不会在意你的自尊。这世界指望你在自我感觉良好之前 先要有所成就。 3. You will not make 40 thousand dollars a year right out of high school. You won't be a vice president with a car phone, until you earn both. n 高中刚毕业你不会一年挣 4万美元。你不会成为一个公司的副总裁， 并拥有一部装有电话的汽车，直到你将此职位和汽车电话都挣到 手。

Bill Gates’ 10 Sayings 4. If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss. He doesn't have tenure. n 如果你认为你的老师严厉，等你有了老板再这样想。老板可是没 有任期限制的。 5. Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity. Your grandparents had a different word for burger flipping; they called it opportunity. n 烙牛肉饼并不有损你的尊严。你的祖父母对烙牛肉饼可有不同 的定义；他们称它为机遇。 6. If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about our mistakes, learn from them. n 如果你陷入困境，那不是你父母的过错，所以不要尖声抱怨我 们的错误，要从中吸取教训。

Bill Gates’ 10 Sayings 7. Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now. They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool you are. So before you save the rain forest from the parasites of your parents' generation, try "delousing" the closet in your own room. n 在你出生之前，你的父母并非像他们现在这样乏味。他们变成今 天这个样子是因为这些年来他们一直在为你付账单，给你洗衣服， 听你大谈你是如何的酷。所以，如果你想消灭你父母那一辈中的" 寄生虫"来拯救雨林的话，还是先去清除你房间衣柜里的虫子吧。

Bill Gates’ 10 Sayings 8. Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life has not. In some schools they have abolished failing grades; they'll give you as many times as you want to get the right answer. This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to anything in real life. n 你的学校也许已经不再分优等生和劣等生，但生活却仍在作出类 似区分。在某些学校已经废除不及格分；只要你想找到正确答案， 学校就会给你无数的机会。这和现实生活中的任何事情没有一点 相似之处。

Bill Gates’ Ten Sayings 9. Life is not divided into semesters. You don't get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you find yourself. Do that on your own time. n 生活不分学期。你并没有暑假可以休息，也没有几位雇主乐于帮 你发现自我。自己找时间做吧。 10. Television is NOT real life. In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs. n 电视并不是真实的生活。在现实生活中，人们实际上得离开咖 啡屋去干自己的 作。