NEW GLOBAL PATTERNS Chapter 25 IMPERIALISM IN ASIA

NEW GLOBAL PATTERNS Chapter 25

IMPERIALISM IN ASIA

SECTION 1: JAPAN MODERNIZES Japan’s Isolationism Why isolationist? What was the Tokagawa Shogunate Period? Why was each class discontented?

SECTION 1: JAPAN MODERNIZES Japan Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to open up to trade 1853 Treaty of Kanagawa opened up two ports to US trade Extraterritoriality Most favored nation clause What is the significance of this treaty? What does this say about the United States? 1867 – Damiyo and Samuri unseated shogun, “restored” 15 yr old emperor to power Moved capital from Kyoto to Edo (Tokyo)

MEIJI RESTORATION: 1868 -1912 ENLIGHTENED RULE What is the importance of the Meji Restoration? Why is this considered one of the major turning points in Japanese history? Meiji reformers ruled in Emperors name. GOAL: Strengthen Japan “A rich country, strong military” Leaders set out to modernize Japan Beat westerners at their own game

MEIJI RESTORATION Meiji Constitution 1890 Political Reforms: Strong Central Government Bismarckian model – authority rests within the executive branch Upper house – Meiji oligarchy Diet - elected The result was a system that was democratic in form, but despotic in practice – oligarchy Separate depts. – Navy, army, superior finance

MEIJI RESTORATION CONTINUED… Economic: Major Priority Business class to adopt western methods Banking system, railroads, improved ports, organized telegraph Industries began to grow – weaponry, shipbuilding and sake (fermented rice wine) Once a business or enterprise was on its feet it was turned over to private ownership Zaibatsu – business families Industry Boomed – all the problems that industrialization brings Urbanization

MEIJI RESTORATION CONTINUED… Social: Ended legal distinctions between classes Reformed military – embarked on a major program to create a military force that could compete in the modern world Schools and a university – Universal education including technical subjects – adopted American model of education Western culture flourishes / fashion / sports Some women were eventually allowed to receive an education From 1894 – 1912 women represented 60 percent of the Japanese labor force 1898 – Women forbid to participate in government and legally put together with minors Homogenous society – common culture and language – that gave it a strong sense of identity

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM Why will Japan become an imperial power? What areas will they hope to conquer? Korea Russia expanded into Korea Japanese naval pressure forced Korea open three ports to Japanese commerce Korea was dependent on China for trade Japan wanted to end that dependency Sino – Japanese War China supported conservatives at court Japan supported radical faction in Chinese government that wanted to end Chinese influence in Korea Result is Sino Japanese War Japan succeeds Treaty of Shimonoseki Manchus forced to recognize independent of Korea, cede Taiwan, Liaodong Peninsula, and Port Arthur Naval base to Japan

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1904 Russia and Japan both had eyed on Manchuria and Korea, Why? Japanese concerned about Russian Trans-Siberian Railway across Manchuria Japan destroyed Russian fleet off coast of Korea and won major battles on land although Russians turned the tide on land subsequently. Westerners horrified that Japan had defeated a major Western power.

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1904 Treaty of Portsmouth (mediated by U. S. president Theodore Roosevelt) ended war with Japan winning land in Manchuria, and made a protectorate in Korea Long-term impact of war: Russia turned their attention to the Balkans (World War I) Russian Revolution (First 1905 then 1917) Revolt of Asia in 20 th century (Asians hoped to emulate Japan’s power and win their independence) Attempted Cultural Genocide in Korea March 1 st Movement

SECTION 2: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC British Colonies: Burma 1820’s Maylay Peninsula Why such a strategic location? North Borneo

FRENCH COLONIES Indochina (modern day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia What effect did the French have on this region?

THAILAND Between British Burma and French Indochina lay kingdom of Siam Did not underestimate European strength / avoided incidents that might have caused invasion Did not become a colony / had to accept some unequal treaties Britain and France made Thailand a buffer or neutral zone between them Why?

GERMANY TERRITORIES Marshall Islands and Samoa US, Britain & Germany, Triple Protectorate

AMERICAN IMPERIALISM After Spanish American War US took: Philippines Guam Hawaii Platt Amendment – Bases in Cuba

AMERICAN IMPERIALISM Spain seized the Philippines in the 1500’s Sent missionaries Filipinos argued that church abused their position Strong resistance to Spanish rule 1898 – War between Spain and US over Cuba’s independence Spanish American War – Spain’s ships were destroyed in the Philippines Rebel Filipinos helped the US In return, the US placed the Philippines under US control through a peace settlement with Spain 1899 Emilio Aguinaldo battled American forces Americans crushed the rebellion – hundreds of Americans, and hundreds of thousands of Filipinos died US set out to modernize promised Filipinos some rule in the future