New Generation Wide Based Single Tires by Kim

New Generation Wide Based Single Tires by Kim Durdle, P. Eng. Director, Transport Engineering and Marta Juhasz, P. Eng. Director, Pavement Engineering Alberta Transportation

Overview • • Transport Engineering Traffic Safety Act Municipal Authority History of Wide Based Tires in Canada Alberta Pilot Infrastructure Impacts Current State

Core Responsibility • Transport Engineering is responsible for managing ALL aspects that impact the weights and dimensions of commercial vehicles and loads that move on Alberta highways

Why? • Ensure that trucking remains viable as it is the main mode of transportation for people and goods in the province; we are always faced with balancing safety, economics and environmental impacts • Ensure that both regulated vehicles that can travel on all highways as well as vehicles outside the regulated limits that we permit with conditions and in some cases on specific routes are dynamically stable, and that the risks to the travelling public, pavement and bridges associated with moving these vehicles are minimized

How? • Manage – Commercial Vehicle Dimension and Weight Regulation – Road Ban program – TRAVIS – Winter Weight Program – Development of the High Load Corridor • All these areas are managed in an effort to maximize payloads and minimize risk to public and infrastructure safety

Business Area Overview • Size and configurations of CVs in this country are constantly evolving and are driven by industry • We work very closely with our provincial counterparts to ensure harmonization as the lack of such impedes trade and competitiveness • We represent Alberta on the National Task Force on Commercial Vehicle Weights and Dimensions Committee and the New West Partnership Trade Agreement • We work very closely with the newly formed national Engineering Research and Support Committee.

Why do we issue permits? • The Commercial Vehicle Dimension and Weight Regulation specifies maximum weights, dimensions, and configurations for commercial vehicles • Section 62 of the Traffic Safety Act allows for permits to be issued to non-conforming vehicles and loads as not all loads can be reduced to meet regulated limits • Section 62 allows the Director to attach any term or conditions to the permit to minimize impact to the travelling public and the infrastructure

Regulated Limits Provincial Highway 4 tires/axle 2 tires/axle Local Road Single axle 9100 kg 3650 kg or 10 kg/mm Tandem axle 17, 000 kg 13, 600 kg Tridem axle 21, 000/24, 000 kg 19, 000 kg 9100 kg 17, 000 kg Max Gross Vehicle Weight 53, 500 kg 63, 500 kg

Example: TAC Permit issued under section 62 of the Traffic Safety Act • The Traffic Safety Act and Regulations apply to ALL highways in Alberta • Section 13 of the Traffic Safety Act gives the Council of a Municipality the authority to restrict weights and designate truck routes on a highway under its direction, control and management through bylaws that are not inconsistent with the Act • TAC Permit is required to increase the tridem axle weight to 21, 000/24, 000 kg and /or increase the GVW to 63, 500 kg on a local road • Municipal approval is required

New Generation Wide Based Single Tires • WBST were introduced in North America in 2000 • Some of the noted benefits from industry include Low profile Lighter than duals Less rolling resistance Better vehicle handling and stability Similar tread wear as duals in most operations Larger footprint than previous “Super Singles”

History • In 2008 the provinces supported an amendment to the National MOU to increase weight on the NGWBST: Use of Wide Base Single Tires: For axles fitted with two single tires, each of which has a width of 445 mm or greater, the weight limits were increased to 7700 kg for Single Axles and 15, 400 kg for Tandem Axle Groups. • Analysis indicated that these weights were considered to be equivalent to the same axle groups equipped with dual tires • Annual fleet exemption permits are available through the Central Permit Office

History ( Continued ) • Further Cost/Benefit analysis in the east resulted in Ontario removing the weight penalty in 2008 • In 2009 similar analysis in Quebec resulted in the province committing to dropping a permit system introduced in 2007 and allowing full dual weights by regulation • Industry requested the other provinces follow Ontario’s and Quebec’s lead • Status: BC is considering a pilot SK is conducting a pilot Manitoba allows full weights on certain highways only Atlantic Canada still reviewing

Alberta Pilot • In 2016 the AMTA and Alberta Transportation conducted an on highway pilot using 455 mm WBST on vehicles operated by Westcan and Rosenau Transport • Complimented 2011 SAE testing by Westcan and Michelin that showed ~ 8% decrease in fuel consumption • The purpose of 2016 pilot was to measure “real world” fuel efficiency • The pilot results showed a significant decrease in fuel consumption ( close to 10% ) when compared with the same configuration equipped with duals • Translates to ~4 cents/km in fuel savings

Infrastructure impacts • In 2016 the Department in conjunction with our Saskatchewan counterparts co-authored a discussion paper for the Transportation Association of Canada paper titled Impact of WBST on Canadian Flexible Pavements • Analysis in paper was based on most recent FHWA work (445 mm tires) http: //www. pooledfund. org/Details/Study/423 • Paper also provided a partial literature review (mostly 455 mm tires)

Pavements

Pavements

Bridges • Alberta Transportation did a high level desk top bridge assessment

Infrastructure impacts - Summary • Pavements: – More impact to paved roads (and hence gravel roads) • Bridges: – More impacts to bridges • Impacts estimated at 2 cents/km/truck • Infrastructure impacts mitigated by low uptake • At 10% truck uptake, impacts estimated at $9 M annually for Alberta Transportation

In Conclusion…. • Alberta Transportation believes allowing these tires to operate at full weights will result in significant environmental benefits that out weigh the potential impacts to the infrastructure…. an important component of the Alberta Government Climate Leadership Plan • Therefore… effective July 1, 2017…Alberta Transportation allows 455 mm NGWBST to operate under permit ( 15 dollar annual fleet ) at loads equivalent to that allowed on duals • There will not be a regulatory change but the permit does require municipal approval for travel on local roads…similar to the TAC permit

Conclusion ( Continued ) • The Department encourages municipalities to join us in this move to demonstrate climate leadership

Thank You