New England Confederation Old England dealing with civil

New England Confederation • “Old England” dealing with civil wars • Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, other parts of Connecticut

Glorious Revolution • England • Deposed King James II, replaced with William and Mary • Inspired protests against monarchy • “Salutary neglect”

Halfway Covenant • In mid-1600 s, conversions declined • Partial membership • Loosened distinction between “saved” and non • Women became majority of Puritan congregations

Salem Witch Trials • Salem, MA • Adolescent girls accused people of being witches • 20 people executed (also 2 dogs) • “witch-hunting”

The 1 st Great Awakening • Early-1700 s, religion less fervid • Problems with Puritan church • Works vs. predestination • Religious revival- 1730 s and 1740 s

Jonathan Edwards • “God’s grace not works” • “Sinners at the hands of an angry God” • Road to hell “paved with the skulls of unbapbtized children”

• “The God that hold you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathesome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked. His wrath toward you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else but to be cast into the fire. ”

George Whitefield • Orator • Itinerant preacher

“Old Lights” vs. “New Lights” • Traditionalists vs. new preachers

Effects of the Great Awakening • Undermined elder clergy • Increased number and competitiveness of American churches • Missionaries • First mass movement in “America”

Mercantilism • Raw materials from colonies • Manufactured in England • Sold back to colonies • (colonists not supposed to buy from other places)