NEW DEAL FIRST HUNDRED DAYS Brain Trust FDRs

NEW DEAL

FIRST HUNDRED DAYS Brain Trust – FDR’s Advisors 20 th Amendment – shortened lame duck period FDR and his advisors created any programs in which Congress approved the first 100 days. Banking Crisis was biggest Push to end Prohibition – 21 st Amendment Tax money from alcohol / less spent on enforcement – pay for New Deal programs

THINK OF EVERYTHING ACCORDING TO THE: The Three Rs � Relief � Recovery � Reform Early focus on Relief � Federal Emergency Relief Act – help state/local � Bank Holiday / Emergency Banking Act � Start of the “Alphabet Soup” programs

CONSERVATIVE CRITICS OF NEW DEAL Felt that the federal government was gaining too much power (and growth of national debt) American Liberty League – claimed FDR was using “dictatorial policies against free enterprise. ” Du. Pont Family Sen. Robert Taft – too much protection for Unions

LIBERAL CRITICS OF NEW DEAL Many supported him in beginning, but they felt that FDR’s New Deal programs did not go far enough with government intervention. Father Charles Coughlin – radio star (and anti. Semite) Huey Long – “Share the Wealth” plan – guaranteed a salary for everyone

GOING INTO DEBT Keynesian Economics � “Priming the Pump” � Going into debt to get out of a crisis � Hoover had tried to balance the budget, FDR did not � Part of the reason there were conservative critics

COURT PACKING PLAN Many of the New Deal programs were being declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. FDR had a bill introduced that would “pack the court” with more friendly justices. Judicial Reorganization Act was never passed as Congress said no to FDR’s plan. But the Supreme Court did not strike down as many programs after 1937.

MORE NEW DEAL CARTOONS

FARMERS AND NEW DEAL PROGRAMS AAA – Agricultural Adjustment Administration Limited farm production (supply). Criticized as some farmers were paid to plow under fields. But crop prices increased. Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1936. But replaced with Soil Conservation Act that was approved. REA – Rural Electrification Administration Any guess at what this helped? RA – Resettlement Administration Gave loans to sharecroppers and tenant farmers to get their own land. Ended many of the systems in place since reconstruction.

BANKING (Relief) – Bank Holiday – shut down banks until government said they were strong enough to reopen (Recovery) – Glass-Steagall Act – created FDIC after making regulations (Reform) – FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) – gov’t bank insurance on people’s money in banks

YOUNG MEN CCC – Civilian Conservation Corp � Young men worked in environmental projects � Over 25 million young men given uniforms, housing, food and a small monthly salary. � One of the most successful relief programs

TWO SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority � Flood control � Hydro-electric dams � Cheap power to rural south � Jobs are created for many in southern states Social Security � FDR took the idea promoted by Dr. Francis Townsend of a old-age pension system � Before program – elderly had the highest percentage of people living in poverty (What group is it today? )

INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY AND LABOR NRA – National Recovery Administration � Tried to set prices and wages to help industries � Declared unconstitutional in Schechter v. U. S. (1935) Wagner Act / National Labor Relations Act (’ 35) � Guaranteed worker’s rights to join a union and for unions to have collective bargaining � Established the National Labor Relations Board

SEC – Security and Exchange Commission � Created to reform and regulate the stock market Indian Reorganization Act � John Collier – head of the Indian Bureau � Ended many of the Dawes Act policies of assimilation

WORKS PROGRAMS CWA- Civil Works Administration – Federal gov’t headed construction projects PWA- Public Works Administration – gave money to states for building roads, bridges, dams, and other public works. WPA – Works Progress Administration (1935 -1940), headed by Harry Hopkins � Employed over 3 million in construction projects and also Federal Arts Project

FDR’S 2 ND TERM 1936 Election – FDR defeats Alf Landon in a Landslide (only Maine and Vermont go to Reps) Democrats first time getting votes from many African Americans. Why the Change? 2 nd New Deal – Focused on Recovery and Reform Recession of 1937 -8 – FDR and Democrats said there needed to be more gov’t. Republican said less. What would truly get us out of the Depression?

Women to remember: Frances Perkins � 1 st Female Cabinet member � Sec. of Labor Mary Mc. Leod Bethune � Part of Black Cabinet which advised FDR on race issues Long Term Effects of New Deal: Improvements in South and West (RA, TVA, dams) Social Security Reforms: FDIC, SEC Idea of Keynesian economics

NEW DEAL

REFLECTION QUESTIONS What did FDR do and why did Congress approve the ideas in the first hundreds days? What were some of the lasting effects of the New Deal? How did FDR have critics on both sides and why? How did the New Deal make Americans more dependent on their government? Make a chart and put New Deal programs under their R (relief, recovery, reform). Some will fall under more than one section.

LINKS http: //history 1900 s. about. com/od/photographs/tp/gr eatdepressionpictures. htm - GD photos http: //www. businessinsider. com/great-depressioncolor-photos-2011 -5 - color photos http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vp. Kmfjf 5 t. Uk – video with good beginning and effects on A-As http: //www. history. com/videos/the-new-deal#thenew-deal – new deal http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=TRw-OQYDe 2 M – New Deal and gov’t power http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=SIhl 2 iy. Dv. OM&fe ature=relmfu – review video, new deal