New centers of civilization Central Asia New civilization

New centers of civilization

Central Asia • New civilization • Raised sheep and goats, bronze tools, irrigation to grow wheat and barley • Pastoral nomads-domesticated animals for food and clothing-moved along a regular migratory route to provide source of nourishment for their animals • People in settled communities didn’t interact with nomads

Nomads • Benefits – Aided long distance trade – Carried on new technology • ***would attack civilizations if regular patterns disturbed • Indo-Europeans-most important nomadic group • Group of people who use a language derived from a single parent tongue – Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit

Indo-Europeans • Based north of the black sea or in southwest Asia • 2000 BC move into Europe, India, and western Asia • Hittites • Moved into Asia Minor and combined with native people • Western Asia

Hittites • First to use iron and create cheap weapons • 1200 BC-Sea People destroyed the empire • After downfall there was no strong empire which left room for new empires • Syria, palastine

Phoenicians • Phoenicians-lived in Palestine along Mediterranean coast • Trade was basis of prosperity • Byblos, Tyre, Sidon-ports on eastern Mediterranean • Produced purple dye, glass, lumber • Improved ships to become international sea traders • Chartered new routes • Established Carthage-north African coast • **Best known for alphabet-passed to Greeks then derived Roman alphabet still used today

The “Children of Israel” • Isrealites-lived south of Phoenicians • Judaism • Migrated from Mesopotamia to Palestine then to Egypt and held captive until Moses set them free and they returned to Palestine • Referred as Canaan • Grazing herds • Established kingdom known as Isreal

The United Kingdom • King Solomon-ruled 970 -930 BC • Isrealites had control over Palastine and made Jurusalem the capital of Isreal • Expanded government and army and trade • Building a temple • Height of power

Divided Kingdom • Solomons death • Northern and southern tribes tension=2 kingdoms • North-kingdom of Isreal and captial of Samaria • South-kingdom of Judah and capital of Jerusalem • Chaldeans-new enemy of Judah – Destroyed Jurusalem in 586 BC

Kingdom of Judah • Revived by Persians • Became known as Jews • Judaism-stateless religion based on the belief that God was not fixed to one particular land but was creator and Lord of the whole world

Spiritual Dimensions of Isreal Jewish beliefs One God called Yahweh-creator of the world God ruled and all people are his servants Nature was god’s handiwork and not differrent gods are believed by Egypt • People would be punished if they did not obey his will • Monotheistic-belief in one god • •

Judaism Continued • Prophets-religious teachers sent by God to serve as his voice to the people