New American Diplomacy Chapter 17 Section 3 Election

New American Diplomacy Chapter 17 Section 3

Election of 1900 • Mc. Kinley wins reelection for Republicans – Teddy Roosevelt b/c VP • September 6, 1901 – Mc. Kinley assassinated – In Buffalo, NY by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist • Anarchist – opposes all forms of govt. • Teddy b/c president – Republicans not happy – They only picked him as VP b/c of his heroic war record

President Roosevelt • Accepted Anglo-Saxonism – The US had the duty to shape the “less civilized” corners of the earth • Wants the US to be a world power b/l in a strong military presence – Make nations think twice b/f messing w/ the US – Promote global peace – “Speak softly and carry a big stick” (the “big stick” policy)

American Empire • By 1900 the US was a major power in Asia w/ naval bases all across the Pacific – The US Navy was now the 3 rd largest power in the world • The US primary interest in Asia was commerce – The vast Chinese markets excited American business leaders

A Japanese Empire • 1894 – war erupts in b/w China and Japan over Korea – Korea was part of the Chinese empire • Japan easily defeated China • In the peace treaty China – Granted Korea independence – Gave Japan territory in Manchuria • Showed that Japan was now westernized and industrialized

Russian Domination • Russians b/c worried – They don’t want Japan to get Manchurian territory b/c it borders Russia • Russia forces Japan to give the Manchurian territory back to China – France and Germany helps Russia do this • 1898 – Russia demands that China lease the territory to Russia – France, Germany, and Britain demand leaseholds as well

Leasing the Land • Now Russia, Germany, France, and Britain have leaseholds in China – Each leasehold b/c a sphere of influence • The foreign nation controlled economic development • These events greatly worried the US – Mc. Kinley (and later Roosevelt) b/g to support the Open Door Policy

The Open Door Policy • Open Door Policy – all countries should be allowed to trade w/ China – 1899 – US sends notes asking countries w/ leaseholds in China not to discriminate against other nations that want to do business w/ the Chinese inside each leasehold • The powers agreed – as long as all the other powers did so as well

The Boxer Rebellion • Secret Chinese societies b/g organizing to get rid of foreign control in their country – One group was known as the Boxers • 1900 – the Boxers rose up to wipe out “foreign devils” and their Christian converts – They b/l these people to be corrupting Chinese society • August 1900 – international force, including US troops, stepped in & ended the rebellion

US Steps In • 1905 – Roosevelt steps in to help negotiate peace b/w Japan and Russia in their war regarding China – He convinces the Russians to recognize Japan’s territorial gains – He persuades the Japanese to stop fighting and to seek no further territory • 1906 – Roosevelt wins the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the war

Tensions Build • Relations b/w the US and Japan steadily got worse – Both nations wanted greater influence in Asia • They held each other in check w/ a series of agreements – Respect each other’s territorial possessions – Uphold the Open Door policy – Support China’s independence

Great White Fleet • 1907 – Teddy sends 16 battleships of the US Navy around the world to show-off US military strength – Known as the “Great White Fleet” – The fleet made a stop in Japan • To demonstrate that the US could and would uphold its interests in Asia – Makes relations even worse

The Panama Canal • Panama was part of Colombia • 1903 – US offered Colombia… – $10 million and a yearly rent of $250, 000 – This payment was for the right to construct the canal and to control a narrow strip of land on either side of the canal • Colombian govt. refuses – They don’t want to lose control of Panama and considered the price too low

The Panama Canal • Panamanians feared losing the commercial benefits of the canal • Panamanians revolt and declare independence from Colombia – US recognizes their independence • W/i two weeks the nations sign a treaty allowing the canal to be built

The Roosevelt Corollary • 1904 – in an address to Congress Teddy defined the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine – US will intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to maintain economic and political stability in the Western Hemisphere • Latin American nations resented the growing American influence, but could do nothing about it