Neutron Sources for Neutron Capture Therapy S V

Neutron Sources for Neutron Capture Therapy S. V. Golubev 1, V. A. Skalyga 1, V. G. Zorin 1, I. V. Izotov 1, S. V. Razin 1, A. V. Sidorov 1 A. V. Maslennikova 2 O. Tarvainen 3, H. Koivisto 3 Institute of Applied Physics RAS 2 Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy 3 Jyvaskylan Yliopisto University of Jyvaskyla 1 Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

Concepts of Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT) • The mean free path of alpha particle is comparable with the cell size: 4 He 2+ (9 µm) 7 Li 3+ (6 µm) • Ionization leads to the doublestranded break of DNA, which results in the cell’s death 10 B + nth 11 B* 7 Li (0. 84 Me. V)+ (1. 47 Me. V) + (0. 48 Me. V) (94 %) The 10 B(n, a) 7 Li reaction has a very large cross section of 3837 barns for thermal neutrons Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

Description of the solution and technology • High biological efficiency Possibility of the treatment of neoplasms, which are resistant to all other forms of radiation, Glioblastoma multiforme, metastasis of melanoma Improving the efficiency of the standard methods of radiation therapy in combination with NCT • High selectivity effect on the tumor Conditions for effective use Highest contrast content of 10 B in diseased and healthy tissue Available sources of neutrons with reasonable performance (neutron flux > 109 n/cm 2 s, neutron energy ~ 10 e. V to ~ 10 (40) ke. V) Types of neutron sources: nuclear reactors, accelerators, neutron generators (D-D / D-T) More than 1000 operations have been made in the world using nuclear reactors

The world’s only clinic which uses Neutron Capture Therapy Clinical Research Institute HUCH Ltd Sitra, Finnish Innovation Fund VTT Ventures Ltd Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

D-D и D-T Neutron generators D + D He 3 (0, 82 Me. V) + n (2, 45 Me. V) D + T He 4 (3, 5 Me. V) + n (14, 01 Me. V) Acceleration Source D+ 50 – 150 m. A (< 1 m. A/cm 2 ) 100– 250 ke. V Moderator (D 2 O) and collimator Ti. D 2 Target 1 m. A D+ 108 n/s RF Neutron beam or ECR (2, 45 GHz) 107 – 108 n/s· cm 2 Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

High-current ECR ion source High frequency and high power of radiation: f > 37 GHz, Р > 100 k. V Current density (> 500 m. A/cm 2) Neutron flux ~ 1010 n/s· cm 2 Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

Market Segment of the market the project’s product is targeted on: - Medical equipment The key difference between the project’s product and the existing solutions on the market: Now NCT is performed using nuclear reactors, which essentially is a hundred times more expensive than the proposed solutions. The cost of a medical complex on the basis of the accelerator, according to Japanese experts, is between 20 and 40 million dollars, which is ten times more expensive. Potential users of the project: Medical oncology centers Demand for the product in the market. The official cost of treatment in Boneca clinic (Helsinki, Finland) is about 20000 euro, herewith the maintance of nuclear reactor is paid by the goverment. Cancers incidence (glial brain tumors, some cancers of central nervious system, oral cavity and pharynx, recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck) according to official statistics is about tens of thousands of people a year, so market’s size is at 100 million euro per year. Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

Project team and cooperation Co-investors – manufacturers of gyrotrons «GYCOM Ltd» Institute of applied physics RAS Nizhny Novgorod State University Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy All-russian research institute of experimental physics JSC «Afrikantov OKBM» Volga Regional Medical Center