Neutron Source for BNCT Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

Neutron Source for BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) Dongguan HEC High-energy Medical Devices Co. , LTD RONG LIU 2019 -09 -27 www. dbnct. com. cn Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Outline • BNCT Intro. • Features of BNCT • Neutron Source for BNCT • Reactor based BNCT • Accelerator based BNCT • Future prospective Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

BNCT Intro. 10 B + nth → [11 B] *→ α + 7 Li + 2. 31 Me. V BNCT is based on the nuclear reaction between epithermal neutrons (0. 025 e. V) and 10 B atoms, which produces unstable 11 B isotopes that undergo fission to generate 4 He(α) and 7 Li particles with path lengths of < 10 m (approximately one cell diameter). Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Mechanism of the treatment Administer boron -containing drug: Boron Cancer Cells Neutron irradiation: Neutron react with boron: Neutron Beam Cancer cells are destroyed: Neutron Destroyed cancer cells Nuclear reaction Normal Cells Lithiu m A boron-containing drug that selectively accumulates in cancer cells is used. The affected site is irradiated with an energy-adjusted neutron beam. Boron Alpha Particle Emitted alpha particles and lithium particles destroy cancer cells These particles only travel a distance of one cell width (about 10μm), allowing for cell-level treatment. Features of BNCT Ø Pinpoint treatment at cell level Alpha particles and lithium particles, with energy three times higher than regular radiation, selectively destroy the DNA helixes of cancer cells. Ø New treatment of refractory cancer Including invasive cancer, multiple cancer, recurrent cancer, radiation-resistant cancer, cancer patents not indicated for surgery or radiation therapy, etc. Ø Causes minimal stress and provides high quality of life to patients Treatment is completed in only one session of 30 minute irradiation without incision. Indication for medication can be determined in advance. Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

BNCT History Eighty years of history. Reliable neutron source; visualized targeted drugs; dosing system and treatment planning system; clinical integration of hospitals Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Clinical trials https: //www. clinicaltrials. gov/; https: //rctportal. niph. go. jp Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Beam quality or require Recommended beam characteristics in IAEA TEC-DOC-1223 Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Evolution of BNCT Facilities – Neutron Source Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Reactor-based Boron Neutron-Capture Therapy Facilities http: //www-naweb. iaea. org/napc/physics/research_reactors/database/RR%20 Data%20 Base/datasets/utilization/b_neutroncap_ther. html Thermal Power, Thermal Flux, k. W n/cm 2/s TANK 40 1. 50 E+12 POOL 500 1. 10 E+13 POOL 5000 4. 80 E+13 POOL 5000 4. 60 E+13 TANK WWR 10000 1. 50 E+14 TRIGA MARK II 250 1. 00 E+13 POOL 10000 2. 00 E+14 POOL 20000 8. 00 E+14 POOL 100 4. 00 E+12 TRIGA MARK II 250 1. 00 E+13 FAST SOURCE 5 POOL 3500 7. 00 E+13 Country Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Argentina Brazil Czech Republic Finland Germany Hungary Italy Japan RA-1 ENRICO FERMI REACTOR RA-6 RA-3 IEA-R 1 LVR-15 REZ FIR-1 BER-II FRM II NUCL. TRAINING REACTOR LENA, TRIGA II PAVIA RSV TAPIRO JRR-4 13 Japan KUR TANK 5000 6. 00 E+13 6. 50 E+13 14 15 Kazakhstan Netherlands Russian Federation Taiwan, China United States of America WWR-K ALMA ATA HFR POOL TANK IN POOL 6000 45000 1. 40 E+14 2. 70 E+14 1. 60 E+13 5. 10 E+14 1958 -1 -20 1982 -9 -23 1968 -8 -1 1957 -9 -16 1957 -9 -24 1962 -3 -27 1973 -12 -9 2004 -3 -2 1971 -5 -22 1965 -11 -10 1971 -4 -4 1965 -1 -28 1964 -6 -25 Temp. Shut. 1967 -10 -22 1961 -11 -9 IRT POOL, IRT 2500 4. 80 E+13 4. 30 E+13 1967 -5 -26 IRT-T POOL, IRT 6000 2. 50 E+14 1. 20 E+13 1967 -7 -22 RBT-10/2 POOL 7000 7. 40 E+13 5. 70 E+13 1984 -12 -1 THOR TRIGA CONV 1000 1. 60 E+13 3. 00 E+12 1961 -4 -13 MITR-II MASS. INST. TECH. TANK 4900 7. 00 E+13 1. 70 E+14 1958 -7 -21 16 17 18 19 20 Reactor Type Fast Flux, n/cm 2/s 1. 00 E+12 1. 80 E+12 1. 40 E+14 1. 30 E+14 3. 00 E+14 1. 20 E+13 1. 40 E+13 5. 00 E+14 2. 00 E+12 1. 20 E+13 4. 00 E+12 8. 70 E+13 No. Criticality Date Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

RB-BNCT Source for Prof. Yoshiaki Kiyanagi Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Reactor based BNCT center in operation, 4 centers Argentina Taiwan China Japan KURRI 5 MW Reactor Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Accelerator based neutron Source for BNCT Reactor based BNCT It is need to alternate Neutron source for BNCT Nuclear research reactor: Used for research but not suitable In-Hospital In-hospital, acceleratorbased neutron source: Enables broad adoption of neutron capture therapy Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

AB-BNCT Reference: ICNCT-15, “Accelerator-Based BNCT”, A. J. Kreiner Location Machine (Status) Target & reaction Beam Energy (Me. V) Beam current (m. A) Budker Institute (Russia) Vacuum insulated Tandem (Ready) Solid 7 Li(p, n) 2 2 i. PPE-Obninsk (Russia) Cascade generator KG- 2. 5 (Ready) Solid 7 Li(p, n) 2. 3 3 Birmingham Univ. (UK) Dynamitron (Ready) Solid 7 Li(p, n) 2. 8 1 Soreq (Istael) RFQ-DTL (Ready) Liquid 7 Li(p, n) 4 1 Legnaro INFN (Italy) RFQ (Under construction) Be(p, n) 4 -5 30 CNEA Buenos Aires (Argentina) Single ended Tandem Electrostatic Quadrupole (TESQ) (Under construction) Be(d, n) 1. 4 30 Solid 7 Li(p, n) 2. 5 30 KURRI (Japan) Cyclotron (Clinical Trial) Be(p, n) 30 1 Tsukuba (Japan) RFQ-DTL (Under construction) Be(p, n) 8 10 NCCenter, CICS (Japan) RFQ (Under construction) Solid 7 Li(p, n) 2. 5 20 Fukushima South Tohoku Hospital (Japan) Cyclotron (Under construction) Be(p, n) 30 1 Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan) Neutron target system only (Under construction) Liquid 7 Li(p, n) ~2. 5 - Osaka University (Japan) Neutron target system only (Under construction) 7 Li(p, Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS Liquid n) ~2. 5 -

Comparison the accelerator for BNCT Neutron yields of various reactions as a function of projectile energy. Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Japan Source for Prof. Yoshiaki Kiyanagi Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Accelerator based BNCT in operation Southern Tohoku BNCT research center Kyoto University, KURRI C-BENS Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS

Accelerator based BNCT will start clinical trial. Helsinki University Hospital announced an inhospital accelerator-based BNCT project on September 15, 2016 Rong Liu, SLHi. PP-9, 27 September, 2019 @ IMPCAS