Definition of Neurotransmitters • Chemicals located and released in the brain which allows communication from nerve cell to nerve cell.
Synapses • There is a space between the two neurons called a synapse. It is in this space that the neurotransmitters gather, ultimately to the receptors on the other neuron.
Some famous neurotransmitters Acetylcholine: • Excitatory neurotransmitter • Triggers muscle contraction & release of some hormones • Involved in wakefulness, attentiveness, anger, aggression, sexuality Dopamine • Inhibitory transmitter • Involved in controlling movement & posture • Modulates mood • Involved in positive reinforcement & dependency
More famous transmitters GABA • Inhibitory neurotransmitters • Contributes to motor control, vision and cortical function • Regulates anxiety Glutamate • Excitatory neurotransmitter • Associated with learning and memory
And more neurotransmitters Norepinephrine • Important for attentiveness, emotions, sleeping, dreaming & learning • Also causes blood vessels to contract and HR to increase • Plays role in mood disorders Serotonin • Contributes to functions such as body temperature regulation, sleep, mood, appetite and pain.
Scientists have identified over 60 different molecules that meet criteria to be considered neurotransmitters.