NEUROLOGY Spinal Cord Injuries Spinal Cord The etiology

NEUROLOGY

Spinal Cord Injuries

Spinal Cord

The etiology of SCIs : More recent statistics suggest that motor vehicle accidents (40. 9%), followed by falls (22. 4%), acts of violence (21. 6%), and sports-related injuries (7. 5%), are now the most common causes of SCIs in the United States

Key Muscles That Can Provide Greatest Functional Improvements Level. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. T 1. L 2. L 3. L 4. L 5. S 1 Key Muscles Elbow flexors Wrist extensors Elbow extensors Finger flexors Finger abductors Hip flexors Knee extensors Ankle dorsiflexors Big toe extensors Ankle plantar flexors

I-Cervical Flexion and Rotation Injuries

I- Cervical Flexion – Rotation Injury

II- Cervical Hyperflexion Injuries

II- Hyperflexion Injury III- Hyperextension Injury IV- Compression Injury

III- Cervical Hyperextension Injuries

IV- Compression Injuries

Types of Lesions 1 - Complete Injuries

2 - Incomplete Injuries

Special Injury Types

Special Injury Types (Cont. )

Clinical Manifestations

Complications

Cervical Spine (C 1 -C 4)

Cervical Spine (C 5 -C 8)

Thoracic Spine (T 1 -T 9) • • Full paralysis of lower body and legs Limited upper body movement Full use of arms Capable of using a manual wheelchair for extended time • No personal care needed

Thoracic Spine (T 10 -S 5)

Compression Fractures catalog. nucleusinc. com

Cauda Equina

Pathological Changes

Medical Intervension

Orthosis A- Halo vest B- Sternal-occipit mandibular immobilization C- Philadelphia collar D- Custom-made body jacket

Orthoses Flex Foam Orthosis • Soft, flexible interior • Bony prominence relief • Rigid external, adjustable, detachable frame Cash Hyperextension Orthosis • Sagital hyperextension • Freedom in coronal and Sterno-Occipital Mandibular transverse planes • More cosmetic, light weight Immobilization (SOMI) • Maximizes cervical stability

L 1 Orthoses BI-valve Orthosis • Maximizes adjustability Corset Front • Rigid posterior to reduce abdominal pressure • Stabilizes pelvis Anterior Overlap • Simple, adjustable

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