Network Overview Protocol Protocol network protocols a special

Network Overview

Protocol �Protocol (network protocols) - a special set of rules that define communication between two or more devices on a network.

Port �Port - is best defined as an opening that allows network traffic to pass through. �Here are some examples: Telnet = 23 Sat Telnet (ASA) = 5023 SSH = 22 Sat Telnet(ASA) = 5022 FTP = 21 SFTP = 22 HTTP = 80 HTTPS= 443

Virtualization �Virtualization means creating a software version of something such as operating systems, networks etc. �VLAN - virtually separates a network. �VM - is a self contained operating environment that behaves like a separate computer.

Telnet versus SSH �Telnet - (port 23) - allows a user to remotely access another computer. �SSH (Secure Socket Shell) - (port 22) - a secure way of accessing a computer remotely.

FTP versus SFTP �FTP – (port 21) - a protocol that allow file transfers between computers. �SFTP – (port 22) - a secure protocol that allows file transfers between computers. �TFTP – (port 69) - ( Trivial File Transfer Protocol) a connectionless form of file transfer, which allows files to transfer quicker.

HTTP versus HTTPS �HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) (port 80) - a protocol for transferring files over the web. �HTTPS (HTTP Secure) - (port 443) secure communication over the network.

Server versus Gateway Server - a computer that provides resources to clients on the network. Gateway – a computer or software that connects network environments so that communication can occur. Media gateway - protocol converter that allows devices running PSTN protocols to communicate with devices on the Internet.

Router versus Switch Router - a device that routes packets through the network. Switch - a device that forwards frames.

Patch, Firmware and Software �Patch - software that fixes issues in a program or operating system. �Firmware - software program or a set of instructions on a device. �Software - programs used to operate the system.

DNS Domain Name System - (port 53) - a protocol that translates domain names into IP addresses. Here is an example of how to identify a website’s IP address: � Traceroute has started… � traceroute: Warning: www. google. com has multiple addresses; using 63. 117. 14. 152 traceroute to www. google. com (63. 117. 14. 152), 64 hops max, 72 byte packets 1 wireless_broadband_router (192. 168. 1. 1) 2. 551 ms 1. 013 ms 4. 988 ms 2 lo 0 -100. nycmny-vfttp-381. verizon-gni. net (100. 37. 197. 1) 5. 692 ms 6. 386 ms 6. 122 ms 3 t 1 -10 -0 -12. nycmny-lcr-22. verizon-gni. net (130. 81. 16. 230) 11. 696 ms 13. 116 ms 11. 415 ms 4 *** 5 *** 6 0. ae 2. gw 2. ewr 19. alter. net (140. 222. 233. 91) 8. 984 ms 10. 457 ms 9. 418 ms 7 google-gw. customer. alter. net (63. 65. 164. 82) 8. 979 ms 13. 826 ms 12. 993 ms 8 152. 14. 117. 63. piscataway. google-ggc. verizon. com (63. 117. 14. 152) 11. 883 ms 11. 669 ms 12. 244 ms � � � � �

DHCP versus Static IP address DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - (port 67) - is a network protocol that enables a server to assign IP addresses. Static IP address - allows you to assign an IP address to a device.

Ping Utility Ping - a software utility to test a reachable host on an Internet network. PING 192. 168. 1. 3 (192. 168. 1. 3): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192. 168. 1. 3: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0. 063 ms 64 bytes from 192. 168. 1. 3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0. 121 ms 64 bytes from 192. 168. 1. 3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0. 071 ms 64 bytes from 192. 168. 1. 3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0. 169 ms 64 bytes from 192. 168. 1. 3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0. 069 ms --- 192. 168. 1. 3 ping statistics --4 packets transmitted, 11 packets received, 0. 0% packet loss

IP Address �IP address – is used by the Internet Protocol that identifies devices on the network. �IPV 4 - a 32 bit number that is represented in a four part number (192. 168. 3. 1). �IPV 6 - a 128 -bit addressing scheme. 3 FFE: 0 B 00: 0800: 0002: 0000: 000 C

Public Versus Private �Public IP address- is on the Public Internet whatismyip. com �Private IP address- is on a Private Intranet

IPV 4

IPV 4

IPv 4

IPv 4 - Private Address Default Subnet Mask Class A 10. 0 – 10. 255. 0. 0. 0 Class B 172. 16. 0. 0 – 172. 31. 255 255. 0. 0 Class C 192. 168. 0. 0 – 192. 168. 255 255. 0

IPv 4 - Class C Classless Inter. Domain Routing (CIDR) notation Subnet Mask /24 255. 0 /25 255. 12 8 /26 Network s IP address Host per network 256 254 2 128 126 255. 19 2 4 64 62 /27 255. 22 4 8 32 30 /28 255. 24 0 16 16 14 /29 255. 24 8 32 8 6

IPv 4 /24 Number of Networks Network ID Host Range Broadcast 1 192. 168. 1. 0 192. 168. 1. 1 192. 168. 1. 25 – 5 192. 168. 1. 25 4 Number of Network ID Host Range 1 192. 168. 1. 0 192. 168. 1. 12 – 7 192. 168. 1. 12 6 2 192. 168. 1. 12 192. 168. 1. 25 8 9 5 192. 168. 1. 25 /25 Broadcast

IPv 4 /26 Network ID Range of Host Broadcast 1 192. 168. 1. 0 192. 168. 1. 1 – 192. 168. 1. 6 2 192. 168. 1. 6 3 2 192. 168. 1. 6 4 192. 168. 1. 6 5192. 168. 1. 1 26 192. 168. 1. 1 27 3 192. 168. 1. 1 28 192. 168. 1. 1 29 – 192. 168. 1. 1 90 192. 168. 1. 1 91 4 192. 168. 1. 1 92 192. 168. 1. 1 93192. 168. 1. 2 54 192. 168. 1. 2 55

IPv 4 /27 Network ID Range of Host Broadcast 1 192. 168. 1. 0 192. 168. 1. 1192. 168. 1. 30 192. 168. 1. 31 2 192. 168. 1. 33192. 168. 1. 63 3 192. 168. 1. 64 192. 168. 1. 65192. 168. 1. 94 192. 168. 1. 95 4 192. 168. 1. 96 192. 168. 1. 97 – 192. 168. 1. 126 192. 168. 1. 127 5 192. 168. 1. 128 192. 168. 1. 129192. 168. 1. 158 192. 168. 1. 159 6 192. 168. 1. 160 192. 168. 1. 161192. 168. 1. 190 192. 168. 1. 191 7 192. 168. 1. 193 192. 168. 1. 222 192. 168. 1. 223 8 192. 168. 1. 224 192. 168. 1. 225192. 168. 1. 254 192. 168. 1. 255