Network Data Collection and Measurement 1 What do

Network Data Collection and Measurement 1

What do we mean by “structure”? • A theory is no better than theoretical terms it employs, for these concepts provide the insights that theory systematizes. • A systematic theory of social structure cannot be developed without first clarifying the concepts describing social structure and translating them in to precise term. 2

網絡的構成三要素 (Three Components of Networks) (i) 關係的本質(Nature of relationship) – 評價(evaluation) – 喜歡、友誼、尊敬 – 物質資源移轉與交換(resource transfer and exchange) – 交易(transaction)--生意往來 – 資源依賴(resource dependence)--上游供應商 – 非物質資源的移轉交換Transfer of non-material resources – 資訊流通與交換(information flow)--眼線、師生討論、顧問 – 正式控制(formal�role, formal relation and control) – --權屬關係 – 社會互動與支援(social interaction) – 談心、知音 9

網絡的構成三要素 (Three Components of Networks) § 網絡結構(Structural Configuration) Principles for defining social boundaries –依互動的強度(Cohesion)--高互動頻率的小團體 –依個體在結構中的對等地位(Structure Equivalence)：面對同樣顧客的競爭者 An actor’s power and freedom to act –網絡中樞地位(Prominence)：爭相拉攏的對象 –關係的涵蓋領域(Range)：連結至不同的人際網 –連結橋樑(Brokerage)：協調、中介地位 13

網絡的構成三要素 (Three Components of Networks) § Variables about actor: composition variable § Variables about ties and configuration: structural variables 14

Unit of analysis Micro • Actor: – – – People Dyad Triad Subgroups Organizations Collectives/aggregates 環境 組織 團體 個體 • Communities • Nation-states Macro/aggregates 個體是鑲嵌在網絡中，而個體 所鑲嵌的網絡是鑲嵌在更高層 級的網絡中 16

Triad三人組 A 2 A 1 A 3 Triad 2 A 2 A 1 A 3 Triad 6 A 2 A 3 A 2 A 1 A 3 Triad 4 A 3 Triad 5 …… 32 generic competitive triads Triad 7 從兩人組變成三人組產生何種質變及量變？ 18

蒐集網絡資料的方法 • • • 問卷（questionnaire) 面訪 (interviews) 觀察 (observations) 檔案文獻記錄 (archival records) 實驗 (experiments) 26

Ego-centered network的問卷 • 1985 GSS (Burt, 1984, 1985) • Name generator: – From time to time, most people discuss important matters with other people. Looking back over the past six months, who are the people with whom you discussed matters important to you? 27

Ego-centered network的問卷 • 1985 GSS (Burt, 1984, 1985) – Alter related questions: – Please think about the relations between the people you just mentioned. Some of them may be total strangers, in the sense that they would not recognize each other if they bumped into each other on the street. Others might be especially close, as close as each other as they are to you. First think about [Alt 1] and Alt 2]. Are these people total strangers? 28

Ego-centered network的問卷 30

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問卷 roster 38

Free recall 39

問卷 Ratings評估 41