Network Analyzer Error Models and Calibration Methods by

Network Analyzer Error Models and Calibration Methods by Doug Rytting Slide 1

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 2

Network Analyzer Block Diagram 3

Block Diagram – Forward Direction 4

Error Model – Forward Direction 5

Error Model Definitions 6

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 7

System Model – Forward Direction 8

Improvements with Correction 9

Improvements with Correction 10

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 11

One Port: 3 -Term Error Model 12

One Port: 3 -Term Error Model 13

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 14

12 -Term Error Model 15

12 -Term Error Model 16

12 -Term Error Model 17

12 -Term Error Model 18

12 -Term Error Model 19

12 -Term Error Model 20

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 21

16 -Term Error Model 22

16 -Term Error Model 23

16 -Term Error Model 24

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 25

8 -Term Error Model 26

8 -Term Error Model 27

8 -Term Error Model 28

8 -Term Error Model 29

8 -Term Error Model 30

8 -Term Calibration Examples 31

8 -Term to 12 -Term: Forward 12 -term model if add 2 crosstalk terms 32

8 -Term to 12 -Term: Reverse 12 -term model if add 2 crosstalk terms 33

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 34

Example: TRL 35

Example: TRL 36

Example: TRL 37

Example: TRL 38

Example: TRL 39

Example: TRL 40

Example: Unknown T, Known A & B 41

Example: Unknown B, Known A & T 42

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 43

Measuring S-parameters Removing Switch Errors 44

Measuring S-parameters Removing Switch Errors 45

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 46

Electronic Calibration Standards Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 47

Electronic Calibration Standards are Transfer Standards Definition: Devices that derived their characteristics from measured data relative to primary or physical standards or other transfer standards. Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 48

First Generation Solid State Electronic Calibrator Transmission Line PIN Diodes Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 49

Second Generation Solid State Electronic Calibrator Discrete FET Switches PORT B PORT A Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 50

Second Gen E-Cal Impedance States Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 51

Third Generation E-Cal PORT A MMIC PORT B Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 52

Typical E-Cal Calibration Set-Up Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 53

1 -Port Calibration: E-Cal Case [A] *[E] = [M] (31) H = conjugate transpose -1 [C] is also the covariance matrix Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 54

Differences of Calculated System Error Terms |Ref Cal – ECal| Delta Directivity Delta Source Match Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 55

Differences of Calculated System Error Terms |Ref Cal - ECal| Delta Transmission Tracking Delta Reflection Tracking Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 56

Noninsertable Calibration Using E-Cal Noninsertable ECal Module Insetable ECal Module + Unknown Thru or Adapter Removal User Characterization Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 57

Noninsertable E-Cal Module SAME GENDER MIX CONNECTO R Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 58

Insertable E-Cal + Unknown Thru VNA Cal Port-1 Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 59

Insertable E-Cal + Unknown Thru VNA Cal Port-2 Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 60

Insertable E-Cal + Unknown Thru VNA Connect Unknown Thru Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 61

Fixture Embedding Characterize E-Cal Full 2 -port Cal Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 62

Fixture Embedding – alternate set up Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 63

Insitu Calibration – 2 -port E-Cal Requires External Software VNA MEASUREMENT PORTS Dave Blackham & Ken Wong 64

Presentation Outline • Network Analyzer Block Diagram and Error Model • System Error Model for Error-Correction • One-Port Error Model and Calibration • Two-Port Error Models and Calibration • 12 -Term Method • 16 -Term Method • 8 -Term Examples • Measuring S-parameters • E-Cal • Accuracy of Error-Correction 65

Accuracy of Error Correction 66

Accuracy of Error Correction 67

Accuracy of Error Correction 68

Accuracy of Error Correction APC-7 (7 mm Coax) at 18 GHz Residu al Errors OSL Fixed Load OSL Sliding Load TRL TRM Directiv ity d -40 d. B -52 d. B -60 d. B -40 d. B Match m -35 d. B -41 d. B -60 d. B -40 d. B Reflecti on Trackin g t ±. 1 d. B ±. 05 d. B ±. 01 d. B 69

Accuracy of Error Correction 70

Vector Network Analyzer References Slide 71