NES EFFICACY IN CONTROLING POWDERY MILDEW MITES SUMMERY

NES EFFICACY IN CONTROLING POWDERY MILDEW & MITES SUMMERY OF FIELD TESTS IN APPLES BY Dr. Hadass Cohen

Control of Powdery Mildew of Apples, Podosphaera leucotricha, by Nes infested noninfested

Field Trial I - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Galaxy Location: Golan Heights, Nisanov’s orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 19/05/05; 26/05/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0. 04%, S. C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes – 2%, S. L. , Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante. México.

Materials & Methods - for all field trials Design of Experiment: randomized blocks, 3 treatments X 4 blocks, 4 trees per block. Monitoring Method: Five shoots with fresh leave, 20 cm long (7 -9 leaves each), were randomly chosen within each block, from trees located in the center. Mildew infestation was evaluated in two different methods: 1) Presence of disease on leaves. Percentage of infested leaves out of total sample, was calculated for each treatment. 2) Degree of disease was determined according to a scale of mildew cover per leaf, as follow: 0. =clean; 1. =0. 5 -2% ; 2. = 2 -10% ; 3. =10 -30%; 4. =30%-50% ; 5. >50%. Average degree

Statistics: Data were analyzed by multifactorial analysis of variance, followed by pairwise comparisons with the SNK test. Data were transformed to square root (x+1) to stabilize their variance. A significant level of 0. 05 was used for all statistical test. The Sigma Stat software was used for all statistical analysis.

Field Trial I – Fig. 1 Application II Application I

Field Trial I – Fig. 1 I Rate of infestation a a a b b

Field Trial II - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Golden Delicious Location: Golan Heights, Edri’s orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 29/05/05; 07/06/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0. 04%, S. C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes – 2%, S. L. , Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante México.

Field Trial II – Fig. I Application I a a b b

Field Trial II – Fig. II

Field Trial III - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Galaxy Variety: Golden Delicious Location: Golan Heights, Nisanov’s orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 21/09/05; 31/09/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0. 04%, S. C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes – 2%, S. L. , Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante. México.

Field Trial III – Northern Israel % infested leaves

Powdery Mildew of Apples Conclusions In field trials presented above Nes appears as a most efficient fungicide, in controlling apple powdery mildew. Nes performs the lowest rate of infestation, consistently, throughout all trials, when compared with the commercial treatment.

Control of Two Spotted Mite, Tetranychus urticae by NES, in Apple Orchards

Field Trial I - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Starking Location: Golan Heights, Kibutz El-Rom Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 29/05/05; 05/06/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0. 04%, S. C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes – 2%, S. L. , Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante. México.

Materials & Methods - for all field trials Design of Experiment: randomized blocks, 3 treatments X 4 blocks, 4 trees per block. Monitoring Method: 10 leaves were randomly chosen and checked for presence of live yellow mites of all stages. Average umber of mites was calculated for each treatment. Checks took place prior to both spray applications 721 days later, depending upon presence of natural enemies.

Field Trial I – Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf

Field Trial II & III - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Golden Delicious Location: Golan Heights, Edri’s orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 19/06/05; 26/06/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0. 04%, S. C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes – 2%, S. L. , Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante. México.

Field Trial II – Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf.

Field Trial III – Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf.

Field Trial IV- Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Golden Delicious Location: Golan Heights, EL-Rom orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Application: 31/07/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0. 04%, S. C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes – 2%, S. L. , Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante. México.

Field Trial IV – Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf.

Yellow Mites in Apples Conclusions Nes appears as an effective acaricide, in suppressing yellow mite populations in apples, as presented in results above. Throughout all trials, Nes appears as a friendly pesticide towards natural enemies, mainly Stethorus gilvifrons (Coccinellidae), predator beetle of mites.

Conducted by: Dr. Hadass Cohen The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Agricultural Dept Rehovot, Israel Ph. D 29 January 2006