Nervous System Nervous System The organs are responsible
Nervous System
Nervous System • The organs are responsible for • To collect sensory input from the control of the body and external communication among its parts. environment. • Central Nervous System • To process and interpret the sensory input. • Peripheral Nervous System • To respond appropriately to the sensory input
Concussion (m. TBI) • Cause: from a violent blow or jolt to the head / body • Signs and symptoms: Dizziness, ringing in the ears , vomiting , change in behavior • Treatment: rest , sometimes medication if symptoms last longer than 2 weeks • Complications: coma state , small conscious • Interesting fact: can cause difficulty with self control
Subdural hematoma • Cause : head injury • Signs & symptoms : nausea , vomiting , dizziness , fainting • Treatment : surgery is often needed • Complications : brain herniation and memory loss. Death • Interesting facts : it usually results from tears in bridging veins that cross the subdural space
Epidural Hematoma • Cause: Blunt-force trauma to the head, from a fall or car accident • Signs/symptoms: Confusion, Dizziness, Downiness, Headache, Nausea, Vomiting • Treatment: Controlling symptoms, Trying to save someone's life, Preventing damage • Complications: Hernation of the brain, Coma, Paralysis, Hydrocephalus, death • Interesting Fact: A very high risk of death without surgery.
Spinal Cord Injury • Cause: Trauma, polio, spina bifida, and tumors • S&S: Loss of diaphragm function, requirement of ventilator, limited range of motion, and back pain • Treatment: Steroid therapy and analgesics • Complication: Change in body function and loss of bladder control. • Interesting Fact: Injury to spine can affect brain function and cerebral cord.
Epilepsy • Cause: head trauma, brain conditions, infectious diseases, prenatal injury, developmental disorders • Signs/Symptoms: temporary confusion, a staring spell, uncontrollable jerking movement of arms and legs, loss of consciousness • Treatment: usually treated by medications and in some cases by surgery, devices or dietary changes Complications: sudden unexpected death in epilepsy(SUDEP) • Interesting Facts: at least 1 million in the united states have uncontrolled epilepsy
Meningitis (bacterial) • Cause: caused by an ear or sinus infection, a skull facture, or rarely after surgeries • Sign/Symptoms: headache, fever, stiff neck, loss of appetite • Treatment: depends on the cause it gets better on its own antibiotic treatment • Complications: hearing loss, epilepsy, vision loss, kidney problems • Interesting fact: about 1 in 10 infected w/ meningitis will die, sometimes within 24 hours
Meningitis (viral) • Cause : non-polio enterovirus is most common cause, mumps virus, influenza • Signs & symptoms: fever, headache, stiff neck , nausea, vomiting, lethargy • Treatment: most recover on their own , antiviral medicine • complications: loss of hearing and vision, amputation, arthritis • Facts: every year over 1 million people world wide are affected with this
Coup injury • Cause: when you come into contact with something. Injury to the brain that occurs in the area of direct impact. • S/S: loss of consciousness, headaches, seizures, nausea or vomiting, memory problems, sensitivity to light and noise, and slurred speech. • Treatment: get a CAT scan done and you can get numerous evaluations and medications. Rest. • Complications: headaches, memory loss, difficulty concentrating, feeling slowed down, sadness, and suicidal thoughts. • Interesting fact: it could take 6 months to 2 years to recover.
Contrecoup Injury • Cause: occurs on the side opposite the area that was hit. May occur in shaken baby syndrome & vehicle accidents. Can cause diffuse axonal injury • S&S: loss of consciousness, headache, seizures, memory problems, sensitivity to light and noise and slurred speech. • Treatment: Close clinical monitoring, repeat CT or MRI as indicated • Complications: Trauma can range from relatively mild to severe including bruising, swelling, and hemorrhaging of the brain • Interesting Fact: Are often misdiagnosed resulting in one area being treated and the other overlooked.
CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy) • Cause: repeated head trauma • Signs and symptoms: Impulsive behavior, short term memory loss, emotional instability, problems with vision and smell. • Treatment: Rest, reduce physical activity, • Complications: Suicidal thoughts, substance abuse, loss of executive functions • Interesting Fact: Symptoms typically do not begin until years after injury.
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