Nervous System Disorders Essential Question What are the

Nervous System Disorders Essential Question What are the Nervous System Disorders?

Alzheimer’s Disease Greatest risk populations Elderly and genetics Symptoms Difficulty remembering Causes: Unknown, could be viral, plaque spots where neurons are dead, low production of neurotransmitter acetylcholine Treated or Prevention: Continued education, cardiovascular exercise, estrogen replacement therapy, antioxidants such as vitamins C, E, and beta carotene and the use of anti-inflammatory agents

Alzheimer’s Disease Video

Parkinson’s Disease What is Parkinson’s disease? Progressive disorder that affects movement What is the cause? Decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease? Tremors, shuffling gait, pill-rolling, muscular rigidity Who is most likely to have this disorder? Ages 40 -60 Men Heredity How is it treated? L-dopa drugs or brain stimulation

Cerebral Palsy What is cerebral palsy? problem with voluntary muscular activity result of brain problem (usually no problem with intellect) What is cause? Unknown (birth injury or abnormal brain development) How is it treated? Therapy Which healthcare team members will take care of the patient with cerebral palsy? Therapists and neurologists

Cerebral Palsy What are some symptoms?

Multiple Sclerosis What is Multiple Sclerosis? Chronic inflammatory disease attacking the myelin sheath of the axon What are the symptoms? Weakness, numbness, double vision, speech problems, loss of coordination, nystagmus (eye tremors), paralysis Who is most likely to develop it? Adults 20 -40 Mostly Women How is it -treated? Rest, exercise program, low stress, drugs like Avonex (interferon) What is the prognosis? Can slow but not eliminate

Epilepsy What is epilepsy? Seizure disorder of the brain (grand mal-convulsions or petit mal-daze) What is the cause? Unknown What are the symptoms? e b y s p e l i p Seizures , hallucinations, loss of consciousness e h t i w n o s How is it treated? er ? p a e Medications called anticonvulsants Should to driv d e w allo

Epilepsy

Hydrocephalus What is Hydrocephalus? Increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain What is cause? Blockage in ventricles What are symptoms? Enlarged head How is it treated? A bypass or shunt to divert spinal fluid

Concussion The result of a severe blow to the head Can cause temporary loss of consciousness TX: Rest, fluids & mild pain reliever Prolonged dizziness, vision disturbance, nausea/vomiting, impaired memory, ringing in ears, loss of smell or taste or loss of consciousness for 1 minute of more – SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION

Paralysis/Spinal Cord Injury What is paralysis? Loss of movement or feeling What is the cause? Injury or trauma to the spinal cord (nerve is disabled) What are the symptoms? Depends on the location of the injury to the spinal cord What is the prognosis? Realignment/stabilization, surgery, special medication, and rehabilitation See page 162 in the Body Structures and Functions Textbook.

Spinal Cord injury: Quadriplegic-loss to truck and all 4 limbs Paraplegic- loss could include part of the trunk and both legs

Neuritis What is Neuritis? neur- -itis (nerve inflammation) What are symptoms? Pain, hypersensitivity, loss of sensation, muscular atrophy, weakness, and paresthesia (tingling or crawling of skin) What is cause of Neuritis? Infection, chemical, alcoholism from lack of Vitamin B, or improper Diet How is it treated? Analgesics (pain medicine)

Meningitis What is meningitis? Inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord What causes of meningitis? Bacterial or viral What are the symptoms? Headache, fever, and stiff neck How is it treated? Antibiotics

Poliomyelitis What is Poliomyelitis? Disease of the motor nerves in the spinal cord What is the cause? Virus contaminated food or water What is the impact of this disorder? Paralysis How can it be prevented? Vaccine How is it treated? Bedrest, pain medicine, ventilators What is the prognosis? Mostly eliminated in the US but can lead to death

West Nile Virus What is West Nile Virus? A virus that can caused by mosquitos What is the symptoms? Encephalitis or Meningitis Where is the greatest incidence of West Nile virus? Africa, Middle East, Parts of Asia (where mosquito population is high) What are the risk factors? Visiting areas high in mosquitos, time of year, time outdoors How is it prevented? Wear protective clothing, insect repellant, screens on windows and doors, prevent standing water, change out standing water areas How is it treated? Treat the symptoms , Interferon (new)