Nergal and Ereshkigal Two versions From Tell elAmarna

Nergal and Ereshkigal Two versions: From Tell el-Amarna, mid-2 nd millennium BC From Sultantepe and Uruk, 7 th c. BC

Amarna Version Ereshkigal is unable to leave Underworld (p. 178, recall p. 156). Sends Namtar to pick up her share of divine banquet Nergal (a. k. a. Erra, god of war, plague, forest fires) treats Namtar with disrespect. Ereshkigal resolves to kill him, but he evades capture Nergal seizes Underworld, accepts Ereshkigal’s offer of marriage and mastery (p. 180)

Sultantepe/Uruk Version Ereshkigal is unable to leave Underworld (p. 178, recall p. 156). Sends Namtar to pick up her share of divine banquet Nergal (a. k. a. Erra, god of war, plague, forest fires) treats Namtar with disrespect, despite Ea’s hints (p. 167)… Nergal going to Underworld. Ea’s instructions.

Sultantepe/Uruk Version Nergal arrives at Underworld, identified by Namtar (p. 169). What happens next? Nergal admitted, says sent by Anu to judge dead (p. 170); hint at future, though avoids ties to Underworld… Until unable to resist Ereshkigal. After 6 nights together, flees on 7 th day, tricking Namtar and being welcomed by gods as “son of Ishtar”

Sultantepe/Uruk Version Ereshkigal’s grief (p. 172) Collapse, tears, calls to lover Predicament worse than before (p. 173): Loneliness, abandonment, spiritually impure Ereshkigal’s threat Effect of repetition

“I shall raise up the dead and they will eat the living. “I shall make the dead outnumber the living!” Recall Ishtar on pp. 80 and 155

Sultantepe/Uruk Version Namtar fails to arrest Nergal twice… Namtar(!) advises Nergal on how to force entry into Underworld Nergal seizes Underworld, goes to bed with Ereshkigal for 6 days (p. 176) On 7 th day Anu declares Nergal will remain in Underworld, thus becoming lord thereof

The Lovers… Poignancy of setting Contrast to Ishtar’s love affairs - maternal Ereshkigal (recall p. 156) Power of feminine sexuality - Nergal’s reaction Nergal’s laugh - siahu (“to laugh, ” but with conceptual link to lovemaking, p. 176)

The Lovers… Loss on both sides? Ereshkigal’s character

Literary techniques: Contradictions “Plagiarism”