Nephrotoxicity POISONOUS EFFECT OF SOME SUBSTANCES BOTH TOXIC
Nephrotoxicity POISONOUS EFFECT OF SOME SUBSTANCES BOTH TOXIC CHEMICALS AND MEDICATION. NEPHROTOXINS ARE CHEMICALS DISPLAYING NEPHROTOXICITY.
�Renal toxicity can be a result of hemodynamic changes, direct injury to cells and tissues, inflammatory tissue injury, obstruction of renal tubules.
Direct tubular effect �PCT � Aminoglycoside (gentamicin), amphotericin B, cisplatin, � Radio contrast media �DCT � NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, cyclosporin, lithium salts, cyclophosphamide. �Tubular obstruction � Sulphonamides, methotrexate, triamterene.
�Acute interstitial nephritis � Beta lactam antibiotics � Vancomycin � Rifampicin � Sulfonamides � NSAIDs
Other causes of renal damage �Biologic therapy � Interleukin 2 or interferon alpha �Low BP �Lot of protein in diet �Diabetes mellitus
�When kidney damage occurs body is unable to rid of excess urine and other wastes. Electrolytes e. g K+, Mg+ are elevated. �Rise of BUN and creatinine �Cause could be dehydration or renal �How diagnosed? �Normal values �Bun ______10 -25 mg/dl �Creatinine____0. 7 - 1. 4 mg/dl
�Nephrotoxic effect of drugs may be added when administered together. �Dose adjustment of drugs is made for drugs which are excreted via kidney if renal function is decreased.
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